Astrophysics

A Further Specification of the Cosmological Constant Problem by Account the Two Fermions in the Standard Model and an Effect of the Reducing of Vacuum by Matter Based on Uncertainty Relations

Authors: Nekrasov Grigory Yu
Comments: 90 Pages.

A Cosmological constant problem has been considered in the light of the Standard model ofelementary particles (SM) by account two fundamental fermions in the SM, i.e. the u quark and the electron and their antiparticles. All the movings of these virtual pairs and their orientations in space have been taken into account in the offered model of vacuum. This led to the more precise and accurate estimation of vacuum energy of the Universe on the discovered and examined minimal scale ~1.5×10^-15 m on uncertainty relations, than in the previous work. Comparison of this estimation with the calculation realized by the method and the model used in the previous work was carried out. The current calculation is the full computation, i.e. for the full scale range, which begins from 1.5×10^-15 m and can think terminated for the effect on the maximal linear size2.00008×10^-11 m for the experimental data and the theoretical data on hydrogen and heliumatoms correspondingly. These atoms are considered due to that they are the most common in the entire Universe. Thus, one can say that the vacuum energy near matter in the special effect of the reducing of vacuum by matter has been assessed more precisely as it is in the real world.
Category: Astrophysics

A Statement of the Cosmological Constant Problem and an Effect of the Reducing of Vacuum by Matter Based on Uncertainty Relations

Authors: Nekrasov Grigory Yu
Comments: Pages.

A problem of the connection of cosmology with elementary particle physics is shown on thelevel of uncertainty relations. At the scales about 10^-2 m the contribution of one single typevirtual elementary particles in the lower boundary of vacuum energy is considered. The observedvalue of vacuum energy or energy density on the large scale of the Universe corresponds only tothis scale. This is the energy about 3.34 GeV per each one cubic meter. The minimal high energyphysics scale achieved by experiments at present is considered. The lower boundary of theenergy is generated by the quantum vacuum of empty space and the quantum vacuum limited bymatter in the Universe mainly at scales down to 10^-15 m and more much are not in agreementwith the observed value, as that is established. These lower limits for the energies of the vacuumare considered in the model of estimating where they generate by the presence of virtual particlesin free space and the virtual particles which are limited by matter and exist together with matterin the Universe. The numerical values of the boundary energies are obtained using the computeralgorithm.
Category: Astrophysics

WIMPs and Glowing Dark Matter

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 5 Pages.

It may seem odd to talk about glowing dark matter. Something dark is typically hypothesized to be hiding in the darkness of space, along with dark energy. All favored dark models are simply outdated. This essay will explain how the brilliance of so-called dark matter has always been there. Dark phenomena clearly belong within any Theory of Everything.
Category: Astrophysics

On the Origin of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 41 Pages.

The alternative mechanism of the emergence of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), associated with the thermal radiation of primordial gas-dust clouds in the early Universe, is considered. The emergence of such clouds in the theory of infinite hierarchical nesting of matter is a natural stage in matter evolution. The mass, radius, and spatial concentration of typical primordial gas-dust clouds, the distance between neighboring clouds, and the power of CMB energy generation per unit volume and per nucleon of the early Universe were calculated. The masses and radii of these clouds correspond to the masses and radii of the observed Bok globules. The presented mechanism is consistent with the cluster model describing the appearance of angular multipoles in the CMB power spectrum. In addition to CMB radiation, cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation and cosmic optical background (COB) radiation are also considered. According to the presented model, the sources of CIB are primordial protoplanetary clouds. As for the COB radiation, it is associated with the radiation of the first protostars. During evolution, each primordial cloud, with a mass of about 31 solar masses, first generates CMB radiation, and then CIB and COB radiations. Since protostars give rise to neutron stars, the concentration of primordial gas-dust clouds is also the concentration of observed neutron stars. In the course of the calculations, a new definition of the radiation intensity is used, which is based on the vector of the surface energy flux density and accounts for the angles of incidence of radiation on a flat receiver from all sides of the hemisphere. According to Poynting's theorem, the relationship between the intensity and energy density of black body radiation is derived from the concept of photons.
Category: Astrophysics

Identification of a Continuous Microhertz Signal Consistent with Gravitational Radiation from Zeta Phoenicis

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 8 Pages.

We investigate whether longu2011term atmospheric pressure measurements contain a coherent, frequencyu2011stable signal consistent with the expected gravitationalu2011wave (GW) emission from the eclipsing binary Zeta Phoenicis. The system's orbital period of 1.6697739 days implies a GW frequency of 13.863 $mu$Hz, a regime inaccessible to conventional interferometric detectors. Using 20 years of hourly pressure data from more than 100 stations, we apply a communicationsu2011engineering approach combining coherent integration, superheterodyne frequency shifting, and iterative phaseu2011demodulation to isolate weak, structured oscillations. After compensating for frequency drift and multiple phase modulations, we recover a narrow, persistent spectral feature at the predicted frequency. One modulation matches the annual Doppler signature expected from Earth’s orbital motion, while additional lowu2011frequency sidebands may reflect longeru2011period dynamical influences within the source system. We further derive a longu2011term decrease in the GW frequency, corresponding to a secular increase in the orbital period, and provide a prediction for the period in 2026. These results demonstrate that phaseu2011sensitive demodulation techniques can extract ultrau2011lowu2011frequency, coherent signals from noisy geophysical data and may offer a complementary pathway for probing continuous GW sources in the microhertz regime.
Category: Astrophysics

Theory of Complex Momentum in Phase Spacetime

Authors: Jarosław Grabiec
Comments: 32 Pages. In Polish (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)

This paper introduces a macro-scale complex form of mechanical momentum, revealing its dual nature and emphasizing its vector phase of motion ��(��) in spacetime. It offers practical diagnostic tools and clearly describes the dynamical relationship between rotational and translational motion. It proposes a proven mathematical framework using complex numbers, used by engineers in electrical engineering, which can also be applied in orbital mechanics, simplifying calculations. A non-standard approach in a non-inertial frame explains, using an example, the astrophysical energy mechanism seen from within the Coriolis effect. It focuses the reader's attention on energy transfer in the energy channel of the Coriolis effect as a looped (implicit) coupling mechanism between the active and reactive energy channels.
Category: Astrophysics

Foundations for Gravitational Potential Energy Evaluation

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 14 Pages.

We investigate the evaluation of the effective gravitational binding energy in heterogeneous stellar systems by comparing a permutation-invariant estimator with heuristic formulations based on sequential aggregation. While the exact method provides a physically consistent reference independent of population ordering, the heuristic estimator introduces a path dependence that strongly influences the reconstructed dark-to-baryonic mass ratios.A systematic exploration of permutations quantifies this sensitivity and shows that an optimized ordering substantially reduces the systematic bias, producing an error distribution that is approximately Gaussian and centered near zero. When applied to galactic rotation data, the heuristic approach achieves significantly higher resolution rates than the exact estimator.These results highlight a fundamental trade-off between physical invariance and algorithmic sensitivity, and suggest that the trajectory through population space is an intrinsic component of sequential gravitational energy models.
Category: Astrophysics

Unified Resolution of Cosmological Tensions from Phase Accessibility Dynamics

Authors: Deepak Kumar
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Recent observations from DESI and other surveys reveal two seemingly independent cosmologicaltensions. Dark energy exhibits late-time deviation from a cosmological constant (w0 = −0.70±0.09),while structure growth shows low-redshift suppression relative to CMB-inferred expectations.We show that both effects can be consistently interpreted within a single phenomenological framework based on loss of phase accessibility in an expanding universe. From an effective late-timedescription, we derive specific, testable functional forms for w(z) and σ8(z), governed by a singleeffective coupling parameter γ0 ≃ 0.16—0.20, achieving quantitative agreement with current data.The framework predicts a scaling correlation between dark energy evolution and structure growthsuppression that is not reproduced by ΛCDM or standard extensions. These results suggest thatcosmic acceleration and late-time structure formation may be understood as coupled manifestationsof effective phase dynamics, rather than independent phenomena requiring separate explanations.
Category: Astrophysics

Evidence for Planet Nine with a 3,600-Year Period and 1 AU Perihelion as the Cause of Recurring Apocalypses

Authors: Pavlo Kandyba
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18524556

A model of Planet Nine as a massive body (3—4 M⊕) in a highly eccentric retrograde orbit (e ≈ 0.994—0.996, q ≈ 1 AU,Q ≈ 400—500 AU, T ≈ 3600 yr), presumably captured from interstellar space. The model relies on the clustering of ETNOorbits by dynamic traps and chaotic diffusion, the instability of their configurations, and the millennial scale. It also shows quasi-periodicity in climatic and cultural-historical markers (the Younger Dryas event, the Piora oscillation) consistent with a periodof T ≈ 3600 yr. A historically confirmed possible observation of Planet Nine’s perihelion passage of 1 AU has been established,supported by the exploratory LLM reconstruction of the comet’s orbit observed in CE 60 for 180 days and documented in Chinesechronicles.
Category: Astrophysics

Compatibility Between the NFW Method and DMbQG Theory in M33

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 11 Pages. In Spanish (Note by viXra Admin: Author name is required in the article after the article title)

This work aims to contrast the validity of the DMbQG theory in M33, as well as the compatibility of the virial mass results calculated by this theory and the NFW method. The data sources used are the papers by Kam and Carignan [1] and López Fune and Salucci [2]. The DMbQG theory was initially developed for the MW and M31 and was successfully verified with results published in Abarca, M. [4]. In Abarca, M. [3], it was demonstrated that this theory offered virial mass results for the MW and M31 similar to those calculated using the NFW method. In Abarca, M. [6], the compatibility of both methods was also demonstrated in two galaxies outside the Local Group.By applying the DMbQG theory using the rotation curve data published by Kam and Carignan [1] for M33, a virial mass of 1.3 E11 MSUN is obtained. However, Kam and Carignan obtain a virial mass of 5 E11 MSUN using the NFW method, which is more than half of the estimated virial mass for the MW. This result is inconsistent, given that M33 contains only one-tenth of the baryonic mass of the MW.Since the DMbQG theory is based on the hypothesis that dark matter is a product of the propagation of the gravitational interaction according to a quantum gravity mechanism, it follows that this theory supports the fact that the ratio of baryonic mass to virial mass should be very similar in all galaxies, at approximately 10%. However, with the results from Kam and Carignan, this ratio for M33 drops to 2%.Given that the DMbQG theory can only be applied in the halo region where the baryonic mass is residual, a specific region of the rotation curve was selected for the application of the theory based on this criterion. Furthermore, two points were selected to calculate the two parameters associated with the NFW method. The selection criterion for these points ensured that both theories used the same data to calculate the virial mass. The results have been excellent, as the virial mass calculated with NFW has been reduced to 1.1 E11 MSUN, and the mass calculated with the Direct Mass method is 1.3 E11 MSUN; these results differ by only 15%. Moreover, with these results, the baryonic mass to virial mass ratio is 9%, which is very similar to the typical ratio observed in most galaxies.
Category: Astrophysics

Stellar Accretion and Associated Processes: Perspectives from Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 25 Pages.

Temperature and the laws of thermodynamics are central to physics. They serve to guide all theory that involves thermodynamic relations. Temperature, irrespective of global or local equilibrium conditions, must always be intensive to satisfy the 0th and 2nd laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, if the laws of thermodynamics are to be followed, not only must the units balance on each side of a thermodynamic equation but so too must thermodynamic character. The theory of protostar formation by gravitational collapse is constructed from the kinetic theory of an ideal gas. In this instance, temperature is introduced in combination with gravitation via the virial theorem. Such an approach assumes that an uncontained cloud of gas in interstellar space will gravitationally collapse, or self-compress, when sufficiently massive. Yet, experiments demonstrate that uncontained gases, irrespective of bulk mass, always expand into their surroundings. The critical mass for initiation of self-compression of a gas is the Jeans mass, which depends on the gas temperature. Similarly, stellar accretion and accretion disk relations involve temperature. All these expressions assign temperature a nonintensive character, in violation of the laws of thermodynamics. Consequently, the relations and the theories from which they are derived are invalid.
Category: Astrophysics

Stellar Population Ordering from Galactic Dynamics

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 15 Pages.

We investigate whether information on stellar population distributions can be recovered directly from galactic dynamics. Starting from observed rotation curves, we construct synthetic stellar population mixtures constrained to reproduce the effective mass distribution inferred from the dynamics. Using these reconstructed populations, we compute synthetic ultraviolet and optical colors and compare them to independent photometric observations from GALEX and SDSS.We find statistically significant correlations between predicted and observed color indices across multiple bands, including FUV-NUV, g-r, r-z, and NUV-r. In several cases, rank-rank correlations reach significances well above 5 sigma, indicating that the ordering of stellar populations is robustly encoded in the dynamical information. These results suggest that galactic rotation curves carry non-trivial information about the underlying stellar population structure, beyond their traditional use as mass tracers.
Category: Astrophysics

Geometric Decomposition of the Orbital Energy Into Components Ω_A and Ω_R

Authors: Jarosław Grabiec
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)

This article identifies separate energy channels, with a focus on the Coriolis force energy channel as their integrator. The author demonstrates that the total kinetic energy of a launched satellite in the unsteady state results from the geometric sum of momentum and angular momentum, as two vectorial and orthogonal kinetic energy carriers coupled together in spacetime by a dynamic phase. This phase results from energy transfer through the Coriolis effect energy channel, which mixes the components without introducing additional energy. The article identifies a scientific interpretation gap and proposes a new, enriched perspective in the field of cosmology.Two main energy components were distinguished: u2022 ΩA — (active) identified with linear momentum (translational energy opposing the gravitational force) integrated along the ascension radius, ultimately converted into the satellite's potential energy with a mass of m. u2022 ΩR — (reactive) identified with angular momentum (rotational energy equivalent to the opposing Coriolis force) force projected onto the tangent to the ascent spiral, then integrated along the spiral, finally transformed into rotational orbital energy (encoded into the angular momentum of the mass m ). Each of them is a power integral associated with the orthogonal motion components (radial and tangential). In standard orbital mechanics, angular momentum energy is implicitly included in the orbital kinetic energy along the ascent spiral, but it is not treated as an independent, orthogonal component in the energy balance in the dynamicascent state.
Category: Astrophysics

A Variationally Derived Contracting Cosmology and Its Observational Signatures

Authors: Ivan Aurelian Dan
Comments: 10 Pages.

We present a contraction-based cosmological framework in which theglobal spacetime scale evolves dynamically as a solution of a variational principlewithin General Relativity. The exponential contraction law arises as a backgroundsolution on the contracting branch of the Friedmann equations, rather than beingpostulated. Operational definitions of cosmological observables lead to positiveredshift, closed-form luminosity distances, distinctive BAO scaling, and a strictlynegative Sandage—Loeb redshift drift, providing clear observational discriminantswith respect to standard ΛCDM cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

Revision of the Theory of Gravity

Authors: Abdur Rahim Choudhary
Comments: 8 Pages.

We add a mass term into Newton’s equation for gravity. This mass term is negligible at small distances but dominates at asymptotic distances. It represents the missing mass. The theory predicts rising radial velocities in galaxies, derives Hubble’s Law, together with an expression for the Hubble’s parameter. The theory reveals inner unity of the three overarching phenomena: rising rotation velocities, Hubble’s law, and value of the Hubble parameter.
Category: Astrophysics

[ Speculation On] Neutralization of Hybrid Threats from Objects from Dark Energy & Dark Matter and Other Cosmic Bodies

Authors: Vasil Korniienko
Comments: 8 Pages.

The origin of these threats, as well as the methods of detecting such objects, are unknown to science. But we experimentally confirmed A. Einstein's service station, according to which there is nothing in the world except the energies, the interaction of which forms a quantum electromagnetic field (QEF) in matter. Therefore, loads on matter cause perturbation of its QEF in the form of waves of quantum electromagnetic energy (C-radiation). In the spectrum of these energies, we observed in the summer of 2003 as an object of dark energies in the form of an Energy Information Field (EIF). occupied the Earth and the Sun. On Earth, the EIF sucks quantum energies from technology and sends them to the EIF, which occupied the Sun, which enhances the suction of solar C-radiations from it, and with them the deep solar heat, which causes massive forest fires and accelerates global climate warming. The results of these studies allowed us in May 2025 to discover a large planet from dark matter near the Sun. which generated a powerful stream of cosmic cold, and its gravity created giant cracks in the Earth, which foreshadowed its destruction. However, we have tested a spiritual practice that allows us to eliminate such threats from space. A method of neutralizing the effect of EIF on accelerating global climate warming is also proposed.
Category: Astrophysics

The Nolekson Gas Model: Unified Field Theory

Authors: Victor Victorovich Oleksenko
Comments: 4 Pages. In Russian

This work presents a new physical paradigm based on the recognition of the substance 'Nolekson'— an inert gas occupying the zeroth position in the zeroth period of D.I. Mendeleev's periodic table of chemical elements. It is mathematically proven that physical constants are derivatives of the geometrical parameters of this medium. The concept of a 'physical π' (πvphys) is introduced, which accounts for the discreteness of the quantum vacuum. A new dimensionality for particle mass is proposed — as a cross-sectional area (L²). Previously, values for the gravitational constant (G) and vacuum energy density consistent with experimental data were derived.
Category: Astrophysics

Gallium Anomaly and Neutrino Structure

Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 4 Pages.

Based on Wheeler’s geometrodynamics, a mechanism of the transition of an electron neu-trino to a sterile one is proposed. The neutrino deficit (gallium anomaly) is explained, andits magnitude is calculated, consistent with the experimental values recently obtained in theBaksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST experiment).
Category: Astrophysics

The Quest for New Physics. an Experimentalist Approach. Vol.3 the New Cosmology.

Authors: Dmitriy S. Tipikin
Comments: 48 Pages.

In this book the statistical approach to tired light is used to explain the red shift and absence of blurring for the close galaxies. The blurring is actually present and observed for far supernovae and very far galaxies and allows to evaluate the particles on which light is scattered. That creates the possibility to return to old idea of infinite and eternal Universe. The solutions of the Olbers paradox and heat death are discussed too together with new ideas for dark matter and how it solves cusp problem for spiral galaxies
Category: Astrophysics

The Model of the Sun, Based on Wheeler’s Geometrodynamics, is Confirmed by Recent Astronomical Observations

Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article in preprint format only)

The detailed physical parameters of the gravitomagnetohydrodynamic model of theSun, calculated earlier on the basis of Wheeler’s geometrodynamics, are confirmed byrecent astronomical observations.
Category: Astrophysics

The Universe Viewed Through Vibration (Vibrational Cosmology)

Authors: Junghyun Cho
Comments: 70 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!)

This theory demonstrates that existing theories can be unified through a change in perspective. Furthermore, it explains physical puzzles that existing theories cannot explain with consistent logic within the theory, and is expected to provide clues for solutions. Instead of the mystical worldview presented by modern physics (time dilation and length contraction in relativity, quantum entanglement and particle duality in quantum mechanics, the hierarchy problem of particle mass and dark matter in the Standard Model, the large-scale structure of the early universe in cosmology, dark energy, the Axis of Evil, etc.), it presents an intuitive, mechanistic, and imaginable worldview. All phenomena are explained within the four dimensions (3 space + 1 time) we inhabit, with no additional dimensions. Phenomena in our universe must occur where they are visible to us; nothing appears out of nowhere. This theory may be difficult to accept as it demands a paradigm shift that changes existing perspectives. First, time is not an absolute dimension. Hints of this already exist in the theory of relativity. If time were absolute, it should not change based on velocity. However, time is already observed to vary. Second, matter is generated from space. Something appearing from nothing violates thermodynamics, which is fundamental to all theories. While Quantum Field Theory posits separate fields for each particle where excitation constitutes the particle, this theory explains particles and forces using a single vibrating field. Third, for the second point to hold, a real field—a medium—must exist. This field is space itself, the gravitational field, and the quantum field. This theory premises only a single field: the Vibration Field. It explains that the four known forces emerge from the interaction between this vibration field and the particles created by it. Time is not a dimension serving as an absolute standard. It is a phenomenon that arises as space and particles vibrate. Particles are born from space and return to space. Our universe is filled with a medium, and that medium is space itself. Time is not a dimension serving as an absolute standard. It is a phenomenon that arises as space and particles vibrate. Particles are born from space and return to space. Our universe is filled with a medium, and that medium is space. We have advanced by changing our standards regarding the dimension of time. (Truncated by viXra Admin)
Category: Astrophysics

From Scratch: A Direct Test of the Sound-Horizon Assumption

Authors: S. A. Cooper
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper evaluates whether the comoving sound horizon can be determined directly from late-time observations. Using only empirically measured expansion rates up to redshift two, together with BAO angle measurements, the analysis shows that the majority of the sound-horizon integral lies in an unmeasured high-redshift domain. Monte Carlo sampling demonstrates that different high-redshift continuations of the expansion history produce consistent late-time distances yet yield widely different sound-horizon values. As a result, the sound horizon is not an empirically recoverable quantity with current data. All late-time determinations of r_s depend on assumptions about the early-Universe expansion history rather than measurements.
Category: Astrophysics

Making Dwarf Planets as Planets Without Violating Current Definition of A Planet

Authors: Chae-Hyun Hwang
Comments: 4 Pages. 1 figure

The definition of a planet by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) is still ambiguous because the IAU resolution B5 did not clearly define the third criterion of clearing the neighborhood. So, we try to propose a new definition of planets that adopts planets so that it can be applied to all spherical bodies, covering exoplanets as well as planets in the solar system. To do this, we adopt a definition of a planet without violating current definition of a planet.
Category: Astrophysics

Revisiting Titius-Bode from Kepler to Birkeland

Authors: Nicolas Defer
Comments: 96 Pages.

We present a new approach to planetary system architecture in which orbital configurations emerge from a balance between gravitational and Lorentz forces. Using a 1/√r scaling law derived from plasma physics, we define a theoretical maximum mass for planets at each orbital radius, calibrated against the most massive planet in any system — Jupiter in the Solar System. Applying the same scaling to orbital velocities reproduces the results of Kepler’s and Newton’s laws without explicitly invoking them, introducing a new empirically derived constant that characterises planetary motion.Extending this framework to planetary spacing reveals harmonic patterns across systems. For instance, Saturn’s moons follow a Fibonacci sequence related to the golden ratio, while the Kepleru201190 system exhibits orbital spacing consistent with simple prime-fraction harmonics. These patterns suggest that orbital mass limits, velocities and spacing may be governed by a universal electromagnetic—gravitational principle. This model provides a predictive framework for planetary system structure and offers testable hypotheses for both Solar System and exoplanetary architectures.
Category: Astrophysics

Surface Brightness Profiles: Calculating Rotation Curves Without Dark Matter

Authors: P. G. Vejde
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Keplerian and Newtonian physics tell us that the rotational velocities of planets must decrease with any increase in radial distance from the sun. The same theoretical assumption is made for the rotational velocities of all visible mass including stars around spiral galaxy cores. As spiral galaxy brightness profiles diminish in luminosity from core to disc edge the assumptions to date are that because the observed rotation curves of galaxies are flat, this is not consistent with the distribution of visible mass in spiral galaxy discs. And that either new physics or dark matter halos must be invoked to explain why the observed flat rotation curves do not match the rapidly and exponentially diminishing brightness of the galaxy’s surface brightness profile as the radius increases. Here in this paper a new rotation curve calculation is made which shows that the surface brightness profiles of visible mass in galaxies can be made to favourably fit the observed flat galaxy rotation curves without having to invoke any new physics or dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Quantisation in Stable Gravitational Systems More Objects

Authors: Richard Wayte
Comments: 6 Pages.

The original article on quantisation in gravitational systems has been extended to cover the latest data on Trans-Neptunian Objects, the hypothetical Planet-Nine, and the Oort cloud. Then planet-nine might orbit at a semimajor axis around 703AU, while the Kuiper belt is around 44AU and the Scattered Disk Objects are fitted broadly around 78AU and 175AU, and 700AU. The Hills cloud fits harmonics from 2,800AU up to 17,600AU; and the outer Oort cloud fits further harmonics up to180,000AU. Quantisation of orbits is a weak influence so objects may remain unstabilised yet commensurable with neighbouring objects.
Category: Astrophysics

Theory of Similarity of Micro and Macro Cosmic Systems

Authors: Ioan Virgil
Comments: 161 Pages.

This work was conceived as a study tool, in order to expand the horizon of knowledge of the universe, by establishing some relationships of similarity between the microcosm and the macrocosm, regarding the ways of organizing matter in the two micro and macrocosmic levels, taking into account the interaction relationships of particles, respectively of bodies, existing in a certain space. If we refer to the form of organization of matter, we observe that at the microcosm level, matter is presented in granular, discrete form, such as; electrons, nucleons, mesons and other particles, while at the macrocosm level matter is presented in the form of satellites, planets, stars, nebulae, etc. Both in the microcosm and in the macrocosm matter is organized in systems of particles or celestial bodies, which are characterized by a periodic movement in a central field. In other words, cosmic systems of any size are rotational harmonic oscillators, in a permanent state of energetic balance with the environment. Any deviation from this balance leads to manifestations of energy absorption or emission from the respective systems, until their energetic rebalancing with the environment. If in the microcosm these energy exchanges can be observed in the laboratory in real time, in the macrocosm the events occur in thousands or millions of years, becoming impossible to study in their entirety. Although the nature of the fields that interact in the microcosm is different from that of the macrocosm fields, namely the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, they still have a common characteristic, that of being the binder of matter organized in harmonic systems, having an unlimited range of action, whose intensity decreases with the square of the distance, ensuring the conditions for the organization of particles or bodies in micro or macrocosm systems. This work was conceived as a study tool, in order to expand the horizon of knowledge of the universe, by establishing some relationships of similarity between the microcosm and the macrocosm, regarding the ways of organizing matter in the two micro and macrocosmic levels, taking into account the interaction relationships of particles, respectively of bodies, existing in a certain space. (Truncated by viXra Admin)
Category: Astrophysics

The Fine Parameters of the Universe by ξ-α Arising from the Infinite Potential of Random Tests

Authors: Dominique Mareau
Comments: 15 Pages.

Beyond the Standard Model, DUO5 theory relies on the inevitable physical consequences of the inertial paradox {m > 0; m ≡ 0} ∄∄[1]. This paradox justifies the state of a stochastic and steady-state universe, which is the origin of the state of the observable universe. The existence of the dipolar preon is forced by this paradox to obtain an indispensable algebraic zero of the type {Δmℓ→ + Δmℓ← ≡ 0}, failing the impossibility of absolute zero. The preon is the elementary particle common to spacetime and matter, as proposed by John Wheeler [2]. The stochastic and steady-state has no {mass-spacetime} continuum. The non-flow of time makes possible a near-infinite potential of {entropy↔negentropy} cycles of an informational type [1]. The non-flow of time allows for an almost infinite number of mostly sterile random trials. Statistically, there is a non-zero probability of obtaining a fruitful result through the fine parameters ξ-α that characterize the observable universe. It is shown here how the ξ-α duality operates at all scales. Several verifiable and falsifiable relationships account for the numerical value of ξ while indicating its physical role arising from the inertial paradox.
Category: Astrophysics

Matter Ring Around Nothing — Stability Without a Central Mass

Authors: Josef Graf
Comments: 16 Pages. In Deutsch

This study investigates whether rotating rings or full tori of matter can orbit an empty center in a stable configuration, without the need for a central mass such as a black hole or dark matter. Using symmetric mass distributions and classical mechanics, it is shown that the gravitational forces of the ring material can balance the centrifugal forces of its constituents. For a continuous ring, the total mass required is Mring=π⋅Mz, where Mz is the fictitious central mass inferred by an observer. The analysis covers discrete systems (2, 4, 8... bodies) as well as the limiting case of infinitely many particles. Using the Earth-Sun system as an example, it is demonstrated that a stable full torus with a thickness of approximately three Earth radii could replace the Sun's mass. The results suggest that certain observed accretion structures may not require supermassive black holes at their centers.
Category: Astrophysics

Galaxy Evolution Based on a Revised Nuclear Model: A Unified Explanation for Quasars and Superheavy Nucleosynthesis

Authors: Xianzhong Cheng
Comments: 6 Pages.

background: Mainstream astrophysics, based on traditional nuclear and nuclear force models, posits that during the late evolution of massive stars, their iron cores undergo gravitational collapse due to insufficient energy release from fusion, triggering supernova explosions and forming neutron stars or black holes. This framework struggles to explain quasars' immense and sustained energy output, multiple spectral redshifts, and fails to effectively guide stable superheavy element synthesis.

Problem: This paper challenges conventional understanding of nuclear forces and iron core behavior identifying an overlooked slow fusion pathway in stellar iron cores during late evolution stages.

Core Argument: Based on a revised nuclear structure model (where nucleons exist as "subprotons" and "subneutrons" in dynamic transformation; see preprint viXra:2412.0014 submitted on 2024-12-05), we propose that extreme gravitational pressure in ultra-massive stars drives preferential fusion of iron cores into hyperons (e.g., Σ, Ξ). These hyperons rapidly decay as intermediate products, generating high-energy γ photons and free neutrons.

Results: This process initiates cascade reactions: 1) γ photons activate outer iron cores via photonuclear reactions, synthesizing superheavy elements (atomic numbers 104—118) through neutron/proton capture; 2) forms a layered core structure (iron crystal lattice, superheavy nucleus layer, neutron layer); 3) fast neutrons from the core bombard superheavy nuclei, releasing enormous energy that melts through the iron shell. Under strong magnetic fields and rotational forces, polar jets form, ultimately dispersing the stellar envelope and evolving into observed quasars.

Conclusion: This framework naturally explains quasar energy mechanisms (non-gravitational collapse energy), primary redshift sources (close-range strong gravitational redshift), and multiple redshift phenomena. It predicts a novel, high-yield pathway for stable superheavy nucleosynthesis under high-pressure environments with γ photon and neutron fluxes. This study calls for fundamental reconsideration of nuclear physics foundations and stellar evolution models.
Category: Astrophysics

Radio-Chemistry of the Object 3I/ATLAS

Authors: Dave Chapman
Comments: 3 Pages.

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS has been observed to emit unusual material. Observations to date suggest that this object contains volatile elements, similar to a comet [1, 2]. Calculations show that the object has been exposed to a combination of low temperatures and high levels of radiation for over one Billion years, which could explain the unusual chemistry of the object.
Category: Astrophysics

Neutrino Masses and Their Oscillation Periods Calculated Using Wheeler's Geometrodynamics Agree with the Results of the Neutrino-4 Experiment

Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 4 Pages.

The mass values of the Majorana and sterile neutrinos and the period of their oscillations, calculated on the basis of a physical model based on J. Wheeler’s geometrodynamics, coincide with the results obtained in the Neutrino-4 Experiment.
Category: Astrophysics

Lexicon for Papers of Richard F. Cronin

Authors: Richard F. Cronin
Comments: 23 Pages. Astrophysical Phenomena are the Principal Drivers of Earth's Weather & Climate

This lexicon explains terms and supplements other papers by Richard F. Cronin
Category: Astrophysics

Atomic Time, Orbital Time and the Variable Mass Theory

Authors: Han de Bruijn
Comments: Pages. Formulas in Abstract with Δ improved

Starting with the Hydrogen atom as an example,a dimensionless formulation of the Schrödinger equation for many electron atoms is presented. It is shown that the energy levels E of such a system are only dependent on the fine structure constant α, the atomic number Z, the speed of light c in vacuum and elementary particle (rest) masses m of electron and nucleus. If α and c may be assumed to be constants of nature, then E is only dependent on mass m. Introducing the Variable Mass hypothesis (VM) leads to formulas for the so-called intrinsic redshift. Ticks of Atomic clocks Δt are shown to be inversely proportional to mass m.
Atomic clocks may seem the most accurate nowadays. Common timing in life, however, is still based upon seconds, minutes and hours, as parts of daylength, and days as parts of a year. This may be called the Orbital timeframe. By considering orbits of planets such as the earth, it is argued that ticks of Orbital clocks ΔT are inversely proportional to the square root of mass m.
If it is accepted that there are two clocks instead of one, then there is a discrepancy between the Atomic ticks Δt and the Orbital ticks ΔT, due to Variable Mass. A simple differential equation is derived that relates the two timeframes. For mass in Atomic time t, a formula can be derived that shows exponential growth. With help of the differential equation, a formula can be derived for mass in Orbital time T as well, showing quadratic growth anda beginning for T=-A, meaning that there is an age A.
Empirical evidence for both the quadratic and exponential growth formulas is found in the Shrinking Kilogram.Quite unexpectedly, our version of the VM theory is consistent with the infamous C-decay. On the other hand, Variable Mass offers an explanation for the anomalous Earth's Rotation Retardation. At last, it is proved that Leap Seconds cannot be avoided with Atomic time and Orbital time, when combined with the Variable Mass hypothesis. And there is a very simple formula for calculating them.
Category: Astrophysics

Cycle [entropy ↔ Negentropy] of Informational Type of the Permanent State of Universe

Authors: Dominique MAREAU
Comments: 7 Pages.

The standard model limits itself to calling the origin of the BIG BANG "singularity". The theory of everything, DUO5, justifies the existence of a Permanent Stochastic Universe (PSU) state by the unavoidable inertial paradox [1]. The PSU is the origin of the Provisional Observable Universe (OPSU) state. This permanent state is represented by a quasi-infinity of preons (also called BODYS or tachyons), in the form of oscillating stochastic dipolar 1D strings. The PSU has a quasi-infinite informational entropy. Such a state (without mass-space-time continuum) has a non-zero probability of synchronizing a part of the preons, in a BEC (Bose-Einstein-Condensate). This BEC is at the origin of the BIG BANG, by a phenomenon of [saturation→fusion→inflation→causal separation] described in [1]. There is a constant between generalized informational entropy and partial negentropy in the cycle [entropy↔negentropy]. Informational negentropy, in the form of synchronization, generates the fundamental preon which, according to DUO5 and John Wheeler [2], is the common elementary particle at the origin of matter and space-time.
Category: Astrophysics

Aberration Effects Can Account for the Apparent Surplus of Spiral Galaxies Rotating in an Opposite Direction to the Milky Way

Authors: P. G.Vejde
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: The list of scientific references are incomplete)

Recently published analysis of JWST deep field images confirms the previously observed trend for a surplus of spiral galaxies that rotate counter to our Milky Way. A trend that apparently is most pronounced the closer one looks towards either the north or south Milky Way polar axis. This is considered in recently published analyses to be inconsistent with current theories of the Big Bang. It is also suggested in these analyses that this surplus may only be an observational bias. Due possibly to Doppler shifting from the relative rotation directions between spiral galaxies and our own Milky Way. Or that new physics of galaxy rotations not yet discovered may also be able to account for the apparent surplus. However, the authors of this research also note that Doppler shifting of light from the relative rotation velocities and rotation directions between any one galaxy and the earth observer would be insufficient in magnitude to account for the approximately 50% surplus of counter rotating galaxies in the latest deep field JWST data. In this paper the aforementioned observational bias is still considered a possibility simply by invoking the centuries old classical effect of Stellar Aberration to model the apparent surplus of counter rotating galaxies seen in the data. In that due to differences in transverse rotational directions and internal stellar velocities between any observed spiral galaxy and our own Milky Way, the displacement effects of stellar aberration will make light from co rotating galaxies incident to the earth observer more dispersed or blurred than light coming from counter rotating galaxies. Thus, making it harder to identify co rotating spiral galaxies than counter rotating spiral galaxies at any similar redshift. Resulting in an apparent surplus of counter rotating galaxies in the universe.
Category: Astrophysics

The Original Electron-positron Pairs Are Pseudo-bosons Because They Are Causally Separated by Inflation

Authors: Dominique Mareau
Comments: 9 Pages.

The local experimental production of electron-positron pairs or proton-antiproton pairs clearly indicates their instability. But if positrons are isolated, their annihilation is temporarily avoided. Positrons thus causally separated from ambient particles prolong their lifetime. It is clear that the protons forming the matter of the universe are stable. It is proposed here that the original inflation causally separated the elements of each electron-positron pair. The cosmological principle stipulates the identity between all localities. However, there is a duality of locality between any "Locality-type" and the Original Non-Locality (ONL) caused by inflation proposed by Alan Guth. It is reasonable to think that inflation could have causally separated each element of electron-positron pair from the same original source. Thus relocated, these elements of pairs from different sources can merge without annihilating each other. Thus becoming stable, the ONL type electron-positron pair is a candidate to be the elementary particle suggested by John Wheeler. Beyond the falsification criterion, this paradigm resolves several fundamental enigmas, including the mass of the proton and the strange identity of its charge with that of the positron.
Category: Astrophysics

The Role of the Hubble Parameter in Galactic Rotation Curves and Spiral Morphology

Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 21 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We investigate the influence of the Hubble parameter H(z) on galactic dynamics and morphology. By introducing the cosmic expansion as an effective limit on Newtonian gravitation, we obtain a redshift-dependent critical radius that constrains both spiral structure and rotation curves. Galactic bars are interpreted as frozen spirals of high-z epochs nested inside extended low-z spirals. This framework naturally explains the coexistence of bulges, bars, disks and halos as the outcome of metric inflow and bulge reset events. The resulting morphology and kinematics provide a direct and testable connection between galactic structure and the cosmic expansion. We argue that this approach opens a new possibility to empirically derive H(z)from galaxy morphology and rotation curves and allows reconstructing the expansion history of the universe on galactic scales.
Category: Astrophysics

UFO/UAP Versus Hellfire Missile

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 7 Pages.

Early this month a spooky public Congressional hearing was held. It dealt with newly revealed 2024 military drone footage; plus individual military witnesses of other alien phenomena. Our military drone clearly tracked something, but nobody seemed to have a clear idea of what the drone saw. This essay attempts to advance our deeper understanding.
Category: Astrophysics

The Concept of Dark Energy is not Based on the Principles of Physics: Cosmological Data Can be Clearly Explained Without This Concept

Authors: Felix M Lev
Comments: 14 Pages. Accepted for presentation at the 2nd International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology.

The physics community has adopted the principle that when new experimental data appears, physicists should first try to explain it based on existing science. Only if all such attempts fail can new exotic explanations be brought in. However, in the case of cosmological acceleration, the opposite approach was taken: without serious attempts to explain this phenomenon from existing science, physicists attracted dark energy and other exotic concepts whose physical meaning is a mystery.As shown in our publications, the cosmological acceleration can be clearly explained without uncertainties. The derivation of this explanation requires significant technicalefforts described in our publications. The purpose of this article for the 2nd International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology (ICGAC 2026) isto explain our approach at the simplest possible level so that the basic ideas of our approach would be understandable to many physicists and astrophysicists.
Category: Astrophysics

Magnetic Field Reversal of Tau Bootis

Authors: Kiyoung Kim
Comments: 8 Pages.

Magnetic field reversal is not a unique property of the Sun. Tau Boötis A, a star located 51 light-years from Earth, with one exoplanet, has been undergoing magnetic field reversals that have been observed since 2008. Many solar-type stars outside our solar system have shown indirect signs of magnetic activity, suggesting possible reversals. While a few of them have been directly observed, their magnetic field changes include shifting magnetic poles. The magnetic field reversal of Tau Boötis A is interpreted to be driven by the interaction with its exoplanet, Tau Boötis Ab, similar to the interaction between the Sun, Jupiter, and Saturn. For solar-type stars with empirical data, the correlation of star’s magnetic activity cycle to its rotation period is compared with another possible correlation of magnetic activity cycle to the rotation period, radius, and B-field intensity of the star—together.
Category: Astrophysics

The Viscous Coupling of Rotating Bodies by Tidal Forces a Proposal for an Extension of Newtonian Dynamics (End)

Authors: Thorsten Hilker
Comments: 16 Pages. In German (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This work presents an approach to extending classical gravitational dynamics by modeling tidal forces between rotating celestial bodies as a viscous, velocity-dependent coupling. Using concrete examples (Earth—Moon, Earth—Sun, Mars—Phobos), it is shown that this coupling can explain observed distance changes. The application of this concept demonstrates the evolution of galactic rotation curves in a simulation without dark matter, thus offering an introduction to a potentially fundamental complement to Newtonian physics.
Category: Astrophysics

The NFW Profile is Compatible With the Decaying Law of Velocity With -0.25 as Power of Radius

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Abstract is required in the article or should be labeled as such!)

This work is a complement of the paper [3] Abarca,M.2025 that it is focused on the demonstration that a decaying law of velocity depending on -0.25 as power of radius into the halo region is compatible with the NFW profile published by [4] Huang et al. (2016), [5] Sofue (2020) and [6] karukes et al. (2020), regarding the MW galaxy and compatible with data published by [7] Sofue (2015) and [8] Zhang et al. (2024) regarding the M31 galaxy.That law of velocity was got by the author [1] Abarca, M. (2024) in the framework of DMbQG theory, DM by Quantum Gravitation theory, using the data of rotation curve into the halo region provided by the papers of Sofue [5] and [7].Throughout the explanation, the papers [1] and [3] are cited as the reader may find some details related to some specific calculus. The other five papers [4], [5], [6], [7] and [8] are the sources of data.
Category: Astrophysics

Ten Questions on Dark Phenomena: Reconciliation of Observations With Modified Gravity and General Relativity

Authors: Li Yuan
Comments: 21 Pages.

This paper is an introductory outline published for a series of discussions on dark matter and dark energy. Dark energy and dark matter are the two differences between cosmic observations and the calculations of existing technological systems. It is divided into ten specific questions.Following the ideas of the ten questions, through calculation and Mathematical deduction, the veil of dark energy and dark matter can be gradually unveiled. It is shown that dark energy and dark matter are the accumulated results of miscalculations caused by a series of historical limitations of mankind.
Category: Astrophysics

Calculation of the Deflection of Light by the Sun-Three Methods

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 36 Pages.

Calculation of the deflection of light by the Sun - three methods.
Category: Astrophysics

Survivorship and Coherence Cosmology

Authors: Andrew Martin
Comments: 23 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper proposes a two part reinterpretation of cosmological redshift and spectral line broadening, based on classical wave behavior rather than spacetime expansion.First: Redshift arises from the medium itself. Light does not travel through a vacuum. Intergalactic space is filled with tenuous plasma that interacts more readily with higher frequencies. As light travels across vast distances, high frequency components are scattered or absorbed more often than lower ones. What reaches us is biased toward longer wavelengths. This is survivorship, not metric expansion.Second: Coherence loss is a direct result of geometry in three dimensions. As wavefronts expand, their surface area grows, and each observer samples a smaller portion of the full wave. If the emitter has any instability in frequency, timing, or angle, this leads to phase variation across the observed wave. The result is line broadening and signal smearing. These effects do not require stretching of space or time. They are a natural outcome of how expanding waves behave in a structured field.Together, these effects explain the two most persistent cosmological signatures, redshift and time dilation, without invoking expansion at all. Light doesn’t just stretch. It is filtered and smeared.
Category: Astrophysics

Lambda Dark Matter

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 3 Pages.

Lambda Dark Matter (LDM) envisions dark matter as awavelength (λ) phenomenon. How particles and energy waves are defined influences how and if LDM could be a valuable part of an emerging Theory of Everything.
Category: Astrophysics

Galaxy Rotation Curves: Dark Matter as a Solution

Authors: Rama Kalaga
Comments: 24 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list author name after article title and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper investigates the galaxy rotation curve problem while validating dark matter asthe primary solution. Standard Newtonian Dynamics show that stellar speeds decrease withradial distance from the central area of galaxies. Since the early 20th century, physicists have found flat rotation curves during observations, which demonstrate unidentified mass in galaxies that they have termed dark matter. The primary focus of this investigation delves into how welldark matter functions as an answer to resolve the galaxy rotation curve issue. The study evaluatesthe accuracy of dark matter models, particularly the NFW and Burkert profiles, by comparingmathematical model-generated rotation curves with experimental data obtained from the Gaiaand APOGEE databases. The first outcome shows that standard baryonic matter explanations donot duplicate observed rotation patterns, particularly in the Milky Way. The combination of NFWand Burkert profiles produces significant improvements in the match while analyzing older datapoints. Recently acquired data with elevated accuracy shows departures from current dark mattertheory to describe galaxy rotation curves. Current data requires evaluating alternative scientificmodels, including Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and revised models of dark matterdistributions. This paper indicates that dark matter remains the primary theory for unexplained observations, yet details that high-quality new datasets demand improved theoretical models. The research advances the ongoing astrophysical discussions about how galaxies function and shape dark matter patterns and potential modern physics theories beyond existing theoretical boundaries.
Category: Astrophysics

Is it Necessary to Modify the Age of the Universe Due to the Ages of the Most Distant Galaxies that Are Now Being Discovered?

Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 6 Pages.

The recent discoveries of distant galaxies with a redshift z > 10 seem to call into question the estimate of 13.8 billion years for the age of the universe. The age of some of these galaxies is estimated to be close to or even greater than the age of the universe, a result that seems impossible to make compatible with the estimated age of the universe in the Standard Model. Therefore, the scientific community is studying the possibility of modifying the current value of this age and is reviewing the procedures that led to its current estimate. We therefore ask ourselves whether, with a universe age of 13.8 billion years, we can measure intergalactic distances greater than 13.8 billion light-years. The answer we arrive at in this work is that, theoretically, it is possible to measure significantly greater intergalactic distances in our current universe without needing to modify the age of the universe. We have reached this conclusion by studying the consequences that the spatial curvature of our universe has on the estimation of these distances. First, we determined the sign of the spatial curvature of the universe at present. We then developed a cosmology consistent with that sign, and finally, we determined distances and times. The conclusion is that it is possible in our current universe to measure distances significantly greater than its age in light-years allows, making current experimental results compatible with the value of the age of the universe.
Category: Astrophysics

Conformal Cyclic Cosmology with Sheaf-Theoretic Structure, Soft Hair Entropy Reset, and Phantom-Quantum Bounce Dynamics

Authors: Firdaus Hanif Rizki
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We present a novel cyclic cosmological framework that resolves fundamental issues in standard cosmology through the integration of conformal geometry, quantum gravity effects, and holographic principles. The Phantom-Quantum Bounce (PQB) Cycle model incorporates: 1) A dynamically evolving phantom field with multi-component potential that drives cyclic expansion-contraction phases, 2) Loop Quantum Gravity corrections that eliminate the initial singularity through a well-defined quantum bounce, and 3) An entropy reset mechanism via ER=EPR-based disentanglement of soft hair degrees of freedom at the conformal boundary. The model makes three distinctive predictions testable with near-future observations: a CMB temperature correlation function exhibiting double-ring anisotropies, a dark energy equation-of-state parameter w0 = -1.2 ± 0.05, and anomalous redshift drift at z ~ 4 that exceeds ΛCDM predictions by an order of magnitude. Numerical verification confirms the model's mathematical consistency despite its unconventional development pathway.
Category: Astrophysics

A Morphological Classification of Galactic Rotation Curves: Evidence for a Universal Evolutionary Sequence

Authors: Vakhtang Mchedlishvili
Comments: 10 Pages. 4 figures.

The detailed morphology of galactic rotation curves is often overlooked, with most analyses focusing on smooth, averaged trends. The physical information encoded in non-smooth features remains largely unexplored. This paper aims to perform a systematic morphological analysis of a large sample of galactic rotation curves to search for underlying patterns and to establish a new, physically motivated classification scheme based on their dynamical signatures. We visually and qualitatively analyzed the rotation curves of 175 galaxies from the SPARC database. We introduce a classification methodology based on two key morphological parameters: (1) the initial rising slope of the curve, which traces the central mass concentration, and (2. the character and amplitude of oscillatory features, which trace the dynamical activity. Our analysis reveals that the 175 galaxies naturally cluster into three distinct morphological classes. Class I ("Childhood") is characterized by a high central mass concentration and strong, complex oscillations. Class II ("Youth") exhibits a stabilized core and regular, periodic oscillations in the outer disk. Class III ("Old Age") is defined by low central mass concentration and an almost perfectly smooth profile. These dynamical classes show a strong correlation with fundamental galactic parameters such as mass and morphological type. We conclude that the morphological diversity of rotation curves is not random but follows a systematic pattern, likely reflecting a universal evolutionary sequence for galaxies. This classification scheme provides a new diagnostic tool for assessing the "dynamical age" of a galaxy and opens a new avenue for "galactic archaeology"—reconstructing the history of galaxies from their present-day dynamical footprints.
Category: Astrophysics

The Dual Universe - Creation and Recycling Through Stars and Black Holes

Authors: Ylia Callan
Comments: 116 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, author name is required in the article/book right after the title )

This paper introduces the Dual Universe Hypothesis, a cosmological model in which stars and black holes form a fundamental feedback system responsible for the creation and recycling of matter, energy, and information across cosmic time. In contrast to the linear entropy-driven model of mainstream cosmology, this work posits that the universe operates through recursion, with stars acting as engines of matter creation and black holes as agents of compression, transformation, and ejection.The theory integrates elements of General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and a novel formulation of Pressure-Driven Gravity (PDG), which reframes gravitation as a result of vacuum pressure gradients in a compressible spacetime medium. In addition, the Mirror Thesis is introduced as a speculative but cohesive metaphysical framework proposing that the universe evolves through reflection, feedback, and informational symmetry.Mathematical formulations include modified Einstein field equations with vacuum pressure terms, vacuum-based Euler equations for gravitational acceleration, and recursive operators for cosmic information encoding. The black hole information paradox, vacuum energy, entropy, and the arrow of time are all reexamined through this lens.This work is intended as both a theoretical model and a philosophical synthesis, offering an original approach to unifying physics and cosmology beyond standard paradigms.
Category: Astrophysics

Direction Is Not Destination

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 3 Pages.

Most physics theses point toward some sort of destination, or physics model, that will be tested by their experimental data. Stringy field models are more 2D maths than real physics, so they can best be described as untestable algebras that ignore much of 4D physics. Astrophysics today fails to fuse 2D field maths with sketchy ideas of virtual quantum particle fields. Science needs an elegant direction of inquiry embracing physically verifiable 4D destinations to the degree possible.
Category: Astrophysics

Doppler Effect, Speed of the Light, Stellar Velocity and Distance

Authors: Miloš Čojanović
Comments: 9 Pages. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Calculating the distance of a star from Earth using stellar parallax makes sense only in two cases. In the first case, this is possible if the object we are observing is stationary in relation to the Sun and in the second case if the measurements are made simultaneously, but from two different locations. We will consider the case when the star moves uniformly with respect to the Sun. By measuring the Doppler effect at three different points, we will be able to determine the speed of light emitted from the star in the direction of the observer, the velocities at which the star and Sun move regarding the referential coordinate system and finally we will calculate the distance between the star and the observer.
Category: Astrophysics

The Bubble Theory of the Universe: A Quantum Fluid Perspective on Cosmological Emergence

Authors: Hacı Soğukpınar
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This work proposes a cosmological model in which our universe is conceptualized as a threedimensional "bubble" formed within a higher-dimensional, quantum fluid-like primordial ocean medium. Integrating modern cosmological frameworks such as cosmic inflation, the holographic principle, brane cosmology, and fluid-gravity analogies, the model proposes that the universe emerged as a local explosion within a larger physical structure. The formation of the bubble could have been initiated by an external trigger related to the negative pressure of the medium surrounding the bubble, or by a phase transition or internal local explosion, explaining the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. The external medium could be the source of dark energy. The boundary of the bubble is treated as a reflective, informationencoding interface that interacts with electromagnetic and gravitational waves, potentially leaving observable cosmological signatures. The assumption that the ocean surrounding the bubble obeys different physical laws exhibits behavior consistent with scenarios in quantum gravity and multiverse theories. Testable predictions could include spectral distortions in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), echoes in gravitational wave data, and topological patterns in the distributions of large-scale structures. This model brings together existing paradigms in cosmology while providing new insight into the nature, boundaries, and origin of our universe.
Category: Astrophysics

Galactic Rotation Curves as Probes of Cosmic Expansion: A Metric Inflow Model Applied to UGC 1281

Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We present a fit of the rotation curve of galaxy UGC 1281 using a model based on metric inflow velocities, without invoking dark matter. The model relies on a minimal set of physical parameters: bulge radius (R), baryonic bulge mass (M), and the cosmological Hubble parameter (H(z)). We evaluate the performance of the model using two fixed values for (H(z)) based on the Planck and SH0ES determinations of (H_0). The ability of the model to differentiate between these cosmological values is discussed.
Category: Astrophysics

White Dwarfs and the Chandrasekhar Limit: Perspectives from Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 22 Pages.

In the Standard Model of gaseous stars, temperature plays an indispensable role in generating the gas pressure which prevents ‘gravitational collapse’. Yet, as stars age in this model, changes in thermonuclear fuel lead to decreased temperatures and associated internal pressures. Gravitational forces between gas particles begin to dominate and stellar collapse results. The process results in ultra-dense compact objects including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. The Chandrasekhar limit plays a central role in the theory of white dwarfs by constraining dwarf mass. These transformations have been described using thermodynamic expressions. Yet, within any given thermodynamic relation, not only must units balance on each side, but so too must thermodynamic character. Whether or not equilibrium conditions are established, temperature must always be intensive in macroscopic thermodynamics and mass must always be extensive. The theory of temperatures and pressures within gaseous stars is constructed from the kinetic theory of an ideal gas, by which temperature is introduced, in combination with gravitational and Coulomb forces. The resulting thermodynamic relations impart non-intensive character to temperature, non-extensive character to mass, and thermodynamically unbalanced luminosity relations. Consequently, the theory of gravitational collapse of gaseous stars to form compact stellar objects is not valid. Stars cannot be gaseous in nature. Rather, they must be comprised of condensed matter, most likely metallic hydrogen, and therefore essentially incompressible.
Category: Astrophysics

The Illusion of the Universe Theory: Energy Strings, Nodes, and the Nature of Reality

Authors: Borysov Yurii
Comments: 4 Pages.

The Illusion of the Universe Theory posits that the infinite Universe is an illusion created by an infinite number of infinitesimally thin energy strings, infinite in length. These strings expandtransversely, intertwine into nodes, where the number of strings in a node may equal the number of nodes in the Universe, determining particle mass. The shape of nodes governs the dual nature of particles, particularly electrons, manifesting as waves or particles. Gravity is an illusion arising from the contraction of strings between nodes, and the Big Bang is an observational limit defined by the transverse expansion of strings. The observer, a product of string nodes, can theoretically move faster than light relative to their initial position due to space expansion. The theory explains the maturity of early galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and suggests verification through gravitational wave detection, cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis, and particle experiments. Philosophically, it underscores the infinite and eternal nature of the Universe, with reality as an illusion driven by string dynamics. The model aligns with string theory, emergent gravity, and the holographic principle, offering a novel perspective on the nature of reality
Category: Astrophysics

Entanglement Driven Forces and Galactic Structure Stability

Authors: Joseph Shaffer
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and list the latter in a standard manner providing complete and detailed information)

This paper proposes that entanglement driven forces act as a fundamental component of cosmic structure stability. Conventional physics assumes forces propagate at finite speeds but we will assume otherwise. We postulate that entangled objects share a unified quantum state that allows instant interaction beyond classical constraints. This mechanism may account for anomalies in galactic rotation and explain synchronization of cosmic structures. A series of observational tests are outlined to verify this by offering alternative explanations for missing mass phenomenon and synchronization in galaxy motion.
Category: Astrophysics

Gravitational Compactness of Disk Galaxies: Empirical Constraints on Modified Gravity at λ ~ 10u207bu2078

Authors: Lukas A Sosna
Comments: 16 pages; English; No prior publication; Licensed under CC BY 4.0

This Paper sets out to measure the dimensionless gravitational compactness: lambda = frac{G,M_{m bar}}{R_{m eff},c^2}for 175 disk galaxies in the SPARC sample, using infrared—derived baryonic masses and 3.6 μm effective radii. This explorations lead to a surprise, and discovered: These λ values cluster very tightly around a median of 2.45times10^{-8}, roughly log-normal in shape and more than two orders of magnitude below the scale at which many modified-gravity ideas predict observable effects.Next , we asked the question whether a simple global tweak like: V_{m model}^2 = V_{m bary}^2Bigl(1 + kappa,lambda^betaBigr) could reproduce galaxy rotation curves ? Fitting kappa and beta to 3,387 data points gives an RMSE of 40.8 km/s, only a small improvement over the purely Newtonian result (43.3 km/s) and well behind MOND (∼13 km/s) or NFW dark-matter fits (∼25 km/s). Worse still, the best fit requires kappaapprox1.8times10^4, a coupling strength that feels implausibly large; an indication that this global prescription simply misses essential physics.Although this is a null result for λ-only modifications, it still yields something valuable: a new empirical benchmark at lambdasim10^{-8}. We hope that future theories - whether they invoke local accelerations, environmental dependencies, or entirely different mechanisms; will honor this scale when tackling the stubborn puzzle of flat galaxy rotation curves.
Category: Astrophysics

An Experimental Exploration on the Applicability of Kepler's Laws to Water Vortex Motion

Authors: Wang Yi
Comments: 13 Pages.

This study aims to verify through physical experiments whether the fluid motion laws in a water vortex system conform to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Specifically, by quantitatively analyzing the orbital parameters of rotating spheres in the vortex, it examines the applicability of Kepler's third law (the ratio of the cube of the semi-major axis of the orbit to the square of the period is a constant) in fluid mechanics scenarios. It also explores the potential of water vortices as a macroscopic physical model for simulating the laws of celestial body motion.
Category: Astrophysics

Comprehensive Paradigm for a Non-expanding Universe and the Unification of Refractive Index, Plasma Energy and Gravity

Authors: Aarne Hall Reid
Comments: 28 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

In this paper, I propose an alternative explanation for the Hubble constant [5] based on the refractive index [35] of intergalactic and intragalactic space. Space is anything but empty. I explore how varying refractive indices affected by intergalactic plasma, intrinsic galactic properties, and gravitational lensing [17] influence light propagation and observed redshift. By analyzing galaxy-specific refractive indices and calculating the Hubble constant [5] accordingly, I present a model that aligns more consistently with observations without relying solely on cosmic expansion. This approach offers a new pathway to understanding cosmic distances and addresses discrepancies in current cosmological data. Additionally, because at the time of Einstein’s General Relativity, plasma and electromagnetic effects on gravity were not evident, I also propose other scientific works to help bridge the gap between a totally gravity driven universe and suggest a hybrid version that includes research by Donald Scott that highlights features of a plasma driven universe working in concert with gravity. Along with a simulation by Pratt and Snell for how to incorporate Einstein’s field equations into a more cohesive framework with a plasma and gravity driven universe eliminating the need for dark matter. Equally important was to make this study Available to a wider audience by incorporating an extensive definitions appendix.
Category: Astrophysics

If Asteroid 2024YR4 hits the Moon, Will it be Visible from the Earth?

Authors: David W. Chapman
Comments: 6 Pages.

2024YR4 is an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 53 to 67 meters that is classified as an Apollo-type (Earth-crossing) near-Earth object. As of April 2025, it is estimated to have a 4% chance of impacting the Moon on 22 December 2032 at 15:19 UTC (Universal Coordinated Time). While it is likely that the impact point will be visible to an observer on the night side of the Earth, it is not clear whether the event will be visible to the naked eye. This paper describes what is currently known about Asteroid 2024YR4, and estimates the size of the impact fireball. The estimated energy of impact is 6.8 Megatons. The conclusion is that the impact will produce a luminous cloud for a few seconds, and that this should be visible to the naked eye.
Category: Astrophysics

Suppression of Quantum Vacuum Energy Modes by Cosmological Boundary Conditions: a Numerical Coincidence with Dark Energy Density and Its Evolution

Authors: Iker Padilla Munoz
Comments: 10 Pages.

We show that when standard quantum vacuum fluctuations are subjected to boundary conditions imposed by a finite causal universe, specifically the region accessible since the time of recombination, bounded by the distance to the cosmic microwave back ground (CMB) at ∼45.7 billion light-years (∼8.65 × 1026 m) and assuming a discretized space structure at the Planck length scale (∼1.616 × 10−35 m), the resulting suppression of vacuum modes leads to an effective energy deficit. This deficit closely matches the observed dark energy density in the present (∼5.3 × 10−10 J/m3) and the evolution in the past for different redshifts, without introducing any free parameters or exotic new physics. The calculation builds on established physical principles such as the Casimir effect and relativistic causality. Although this article does not aim to explain dark energy, the observed numericalcoincidence suggests a possible connection between suppressed quantum vacuum fluctuations and dark-energy density.
Category: Astrophysics

A Unified Framework for Dark Matter: From the Quantum Substratum to Galactic Dynamics

Authors: Vakhtang Mchedlishvili
Comments: 8 Pages. 2 figures, 1 appendix with code.

The phenomenon of "dark matter," while a cornerstone of the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), remains one of the most profound puzzles in modern physics due to the persistent null results in direct detection experiments. This paper presents an alternative paradigm where "dark matter" is not a new type of particle but rather an emergent gravitational effect arising from the dynamic response of the physical vacuum itself. We model the vacuum as a quantum substratum, described by a fundamental scalar field, Φ. We propose that this substratum is coupled to gravity, and its energy density is modified in the presence of baryonic matter. To test this hypothesis, we construct a mathematical model governed by a single, universal coupling constant, herein named the "Shota" constant (β_Sh), which dictates the strength of the interaction between the Φ-field and the gravitational potential of visible matter. The model is tested through numerical simulations on two astrophysically distinct galaxies: the dwarf, dark-matter-dominated UGC 128 and the massive spiral galaxy NGC 3198. The results demonstrate remarkable success. With a nearly identical value for the "Shota" constant, the model quantitatively reproduces the rotation curves of both galaxies. Crucially, it naturally explains the observed nonlinear relationship between baryonic mass and the "dark matter" effect, showing a much larger relative response in the low-acceleration regime of the dwarf galaxy. This provides a physical foundation for the empirical Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR). Our framework unifies the concepts of the "Quantum Substratum" and the "Gravitational Deficit Principle" into a single, predictive theory, offering a compelling new path toward resolving the dark matter puzzle without recourse to new particles.
Category: Astrophysics

One Single Metric Model's Unifying Perspective on Four Issues with Galactic Dynamics: B-TF Relation, Rotation Curves, Spirals and SMBH-Growth.

Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 14 Pages.

In this paper, we intend to replace four mysteries of galactic dynamics with one. This one mystery is introduced as a postulate: the constant Lagrangian metric as a space-time background for galactic dynamics. The four mysteries of galactic dynamics are the B-TF relation, the rotation curves, the spiral structure and SMBH-growth. Why the galactic space-time background behaves like a giant disk with directionally synchronized metronomes on it (the constant Lagrangian metric) remains an open question.
Category: Astrophysics

Curvature Induced by Rotational Asymmetries in Spatial Energy Density

Authors: Eunseob Kim
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Abstract should be labeled as such, most listed references are not cited; please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We propose an alternative formulation in which gravitational curvature, galactic rotation, and frame-dragging arise from spatial energy density gradients. In this model, mass and rotation redistribute background energy, creating structured gradients that act as physical sources of curvature.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required)

We will demonstrate that gravitational potential energy (E=GmM/r) is the cause of the dark mass phenomenon by simply applying the mass-energy relation (E=mc2). No other axiom will be used except the principle of conservation of volumetric mass density to preserve the conservative field by involving no other force than gravity. First, we will develop a simple equation and a simple algorithm to correctly calculate the potential energy of a stellar system. Then, we will demonstrate its theoretical implication on the production of potential energy by different types of stars and black holes in galaxies. Subsequently, we will confront our theoretical model with the SPARC database of 175 galaxies to validate our theory. We will finish by drawing the necessary logical-mathematical consequences from the fact that dark mass is stored in the gravitational field. This we will also validate with the SPARC database.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy (in French)

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required)

We will demonstrate that gravitational potential energy (E=GmM/r) is the cause of the dark mass phenomenon by simply applying the mass-energy relation (E=mc2). No other axiom will be used except the principle of conservation of volumetric mass density to preserve the conservative field by involving no other force than gravity. First, we will develop a simple equation and a simple algorithm to correctly calculate the potential energy of a stellar system. Then, we will demonstrate its theoretical implication on the production of potential energy by different types of stars and black holes in galaxies. Subsequently, we will confront our theoretical model with the SPARC database of 175 galaxies to validate our theory. We will finish by drawing the necessary logical-mathematical consequences from the fact that dark mass is stored in the gravitational field. This we will also validate with the SPARC database.
Category: Astrophysics

Discovery of Dark Energy and Dark Matter: Expansion Force

Authors: Seojoon Lee
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references; please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We present a novel classical field theory in which the gravitational field g is dynamically coupled to an auxiliary expansion field D, forming a unified framework capable of replicating the physical roles of both dark matter and dark energy.
Category: Astrophysics

Decreasing Universe: The CMB and the Age of the Universe

Authors: Joao Carlos Holland De Barcellos
Comments: 7 Pages.

We will use the "Decreasing Universe" (D.U.) theory to estimate the age of the Universe based on the average wavelength of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation.
Category: Astrophysics

Rotating Coupling Experiments in Vacuum: New Evidence for "Ether" and New Insights into Gravity

Authors: Wang Yi
Comments: 5 Pages.

This study is dedicated to exploring the potential unknown substances in space and their relationships with the gravitational mechanism. A series of rotating coupling experiments were conducted in a high - vacuum environment. After effectively eliminating the influence of residual gas molecules, by using couplings made of various materials, the motion states of feathers and dandelion fluffs around the couplings were systematically observed. The experimental results show that couplings of different materials can cause the fluff on feathers to have directional displacements, which are related to the vortex direction generated by the rotation of the couplings.
Category: Astrophysics

Axion-like Scalar Gravity

Authors: Tobi Adesola
Comments: 9 Pages.

We propose Axion-Like Scalar Gravity (ALSG), a minimal extension of ΛCDM introducing a single axion-like particle (ALP) from the string-theoretic axiverse, active at late times. Inspired by quantum oscillatory dynamics, ALSG features an ALP with mass mϕ ≈10−14 eV, oscillating at fϕ ≈2.4 Hz, coupling conformally to baryonic matter via an effective field theory (EFT) framework with broken scale invariance. This screened coupling modulates the Hubble expansion and gravitational potentials, producing sub-percent oscillatory signatures in galaxy clustering, CMB residuals, and pulsar timing residuals. With three parameters and full compatibility with General Relativity (GR), ALSG addresses Hubble (H0) and S8 tensionswhile preserving early-universe consistency. Predictions are testable with Euclid, Si-mons Observatory, and NANOGrav, offering a falsifiable model grounded in particlephysics and cosmology, with multi-probe consistency to resolve degeneracies.
Category: Astrophysics

Primordial Black Holes

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please use smaller fonts: e.g., 12 points in Times New Roman as repeated told previously!)

Astrophysicists often speak of three types of blackholes: stellar, intermediate, and supermassive.There is a fourth category in one-universe theories, but has not yet been detected by our instruments. This essay will examine more possibilities for primordial black holes, within the actual four-dimensional multiverse.
Category: Astrophysics

Optimization of Solar Sail Logarithmic Spiral Transfers by Computing and Comparing Energy and Time Requirements with Different Orbital Inclinations and Yaw Angles

Authors: Ayaan Mehta
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Conventional space craft are limited in their ability to deliver high energy missions by a fundamental reliance on fuel mass. However, this constraint can in principle be dealt with class of propellantless propulsion system which extract momentum from the flux of photons that are continually emitted from the Sun - like a solar sail. Solar sails are able to provide a large amount of ∆V for long duration and high energy missions, also providing continuous acceleration. Modern solar sails are also equipped with Thrust Vector Controlling (TVC) mechanism. Even with an edge over conventional spacecraft, there is one difficulty that arises with the use of solar sails - a problem termed "The Orientation Problem". "The Orientation Problem" addresses the idea of how changing the yaw angle of a sail to achieve a high impulse, changes the eccentricity and inclination of an orbit by providing ∆V to the radial and normal vectors. This problem, if encountered, can lead to vast changes in orbital characteristics (inclination, eccentricity) which hinders the transfer trajectory and increases the intercept time and ∆V requirement. In this paper we will compute and analyze a number of different transfers for a solar sail at different orbital inclinations and yaw angle (angle between the normal and sail-sun line) for which we completely mitigate(in some cases) or account for(in majority cases) for the "Orientation Problem" to find the most optimum orbital inclination and a particular yaw angle at the point of the burn for the specific inclination which gives the best combination of mission duration and energy requirement for a transfer from Earth to Venus using a sail.
Category: Astrophysics

Gravity is Electromagnetism: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Authors: Bittu Kumar
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper introduces a new experimentally supported framework for understanding gravity, proposing that it originates from atomic nuclei rather than from mass or the curvature of space-time. Unlike Newtonian and Einsteinian models—which define gravity as a mass-based attraction or the result of space time deformation—this theory presents gravity as an electromagnetic force generated by positively charged nuclei. It introduces the concept of a "Nuclear Polarization Force" to explain gravitational interactions between nuclei and other bodies—neutral, negatively charged, or positively charged—through polarization and charge dynamics. To validate this theory, an experiment was conducted demonstrating measurable weight differences in objects when charged positively or negatively, compared to their neutral state. The results suggest that gravitational force is influenced not only by mass but also by electric charge. This model aims to unify gravitational behaviour across atomic, planetary, and cosmic scales, offering a new perspective on the dynamics of the solar system, black holes, and the expansion of the universe. By redefining gravity in electromagnetic terms, this research addresses existing gaps in cosmology and quantum gravity, potentially opening new pathways in fundamental physics.
Category: Astrophysics

Cosmic Scars: A Topological Theory of Gravity Without Dark Matter or Dark Energy

Authors: Alex Bertran
Comments: 38 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Cosmic Scars: A Topological Theory of Gravity (Final Version)

This work proposes dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) as emergent effects of fossilized Weyl curvature defects—cosmic scars—from primordial black holes and Pop III supernovae.

Key breakthroughs:
- Replaces DM/DE without particles via spacetime topology (Eqs. 1-31).
- Predicts JWST galaxy spin alignment (3.1σ), LISA 10⁻⁵ Hz gravitational waves, and CMB Cold Spot as Gpc-scale scar.
- Solves NGC 1052-DF2 kinematics, Bullet Cluster offsets, and Hubble tension via differential expansion.


Category: Astrophysics

Asymmetry in Galaxy Spin Directions as an Observational Bias Due to Aberration

Authors: P. G. Vejde
Comments: 4 Pages.

Recent studies of galaxy rotation directions in the distant universe have confirmed the observed trend for an asymmetry of up to 50% more counter rotating galaxies than co rotating galaxies. In that there appear to be more galaxies that rotate counter to our Milky Way than with it. These observations are currently not consistent with the Big Bang theory. And suggests new models of the physics of galaxy rotations may be necessary. Here it is proposed one can use the differing amounts of aberration of light from co and counter rotating galaxies to explain this apparent asymmetry. In that light from co rotating galaxies arrives at the earth observer more dispersed or blurred than light from counter rotating galaxies. Making the rotation direction of co rotating galaxies harder to identify. And in turn creating an asymmetrical bias in the identification between co and counter rotating galaxies. A counter rotating galaxy will appear more sharply in focus and more easily identifiable than the more blurred co rotating galaxy at any similar redshift. And that this asymmetrical bias due to aberration and the relative differences in incident angles between light from co and counter rotating galaxies increases with higher redshifts.
Category: Astrophysics

Is the Universe Spinning?

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 3 Pages.

In a recently published paper entitled "Can Rotation Solve the Hubble Puzzle?", the authors claim that the Hubble puzzle can be solved if, in addition to its expansion the universe is also slowly rotating. I have a hypothesis entitled The Pivot Universe that claims that the entire universe is slowly rotating, but contrary to the recent paper it is not expanding.
Category: Astrophysics

Why We Do Not Need Dark Energy to Explain Cosmological Acceleration

Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 18 Pages. Published in AppliedMath, vol. 5, no. 2, paper 48 (2025), doi:10.3390/appliedmath5020048.

It is shown that at the present stage of the evolution of the universe, cosmological acceleration is an inevitable {bf kinematical} consequence of quantum theory in semiclassical approximation. Quantum theory does not involve such classical concepts as Minkowski or de Sitter spaces. In classical theory, when choosing Minkowski space, a vacuum catastrophe occurs, while when choosing de Sitter space, the value of the cosmological constant can be arbitrary. On the contrary, in quantum theory there are no uncertainties in view of the following: 1) the de Sitter algebra is the most general ten-dimensional Lie algebra; 2) the Poincare algebra is a special degenerate case of the de Sitter algebra in the limit $Rtoinfty$ where $R$ is the contraction parameter for the transition from the de Sitter to the Poincare algebra and $R$ has nothing to do with the radius of de Sitter space; 3) $R$ is fundamental to the same extent as $c$ and $hbar$: $c$ is the contraction parameter for the transition from the Poincare to the Galilean algebra and $hbar$ is the contraction parameter for the transition from quantum to classical theory; 4) as a consequence, the question (why the quantities $(c,hbar,R$) have the valueswhich they actually have) does not arise. The solution to the problem of cosmological acceleration follows from results on irreducible representations of the de Sitter algebra. This solution is free of uncertainties and does not involve dark energy, quintessence and other exotic mechanisms the physical meaning of which is a mystery.
Category: Astrophysics

Why Mond's Fundamental Acceleration is not a "Fudge Factor"

Authors: George Bailey
Comments: 19 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list author name after article title and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

The MOND theory (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) initiated by Milgrom has established itself as the most important model for explaining the measured rotation curves of galaxies without the aid of ominous dark matter. The core element of MOND is the so-called fundamental acceleration a0 with a value of approx. 1.2⋅10^-10 m/s^2, which results from the measurements of galaxy rotation velocities. At accelerations close to or below this value, neither Newton's nor Einstein's gravitational models work reliably.Critics of the MOND theory argue that this value is an ad-hoc "fudge factor" that was not derived from a fundamental consideration of space and time. So Milgrom himself as well as other proponents of MOND have already shown that the value a0 can very easily be brought into a numerical relationship with the age of the universe Tu and the speed of light c. In this paper, I would now like to show that this numerical correlation is no coincidence, but can be derived by consistent application of Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty relation on a cosmic scale. So I will show that a0=c/(2π⋅Tu) is the smallest possible acceleration for any rotation/orbital motion in an universe of age Tu and therefore not a "fudge factor", but the counterpart of the Planck acceleration at the other, lower bound of the energy scale with which our universe can be described.
Category: Astrophysics

Supplemented Newtonian Gravitational Equation

Authors: Istvan Polgar
Comments: 3 Pages.

Gravitational equation, and new theory based on the effect of gravitational fields to each other.The calculated attractive force eliminates the need for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Why None of the Record Breaking Galaxies Observed by JWST Are Ovals?

Authors: Dmitriy S. Tipikin
Comments: 11 Pages.

One of the problems of Big Bang cosmology is necessity to explain the events at the beginning of time (soon after Big Bang) as taking place at very high rate (very fast development of the mature galaxies with high metal content, very big black holes, too many galaxies etc). This is because the Plank’s temperature of cooled light (measured at ~2.7 K) may only be what it is measured if the expansion rate corresponds to 13.6 billions of years for total age. Since James Webb already reached z=14 (corresponding to 13.4 billions of years back in time) almost no time is left for normal, slow as we observed in nearby cosmos rate of galaxies and black holes etc formation. Big Bang theory can not "move" this time threshold further in time (accepting this would be suicide for Big Bang because it means the light itself may somehow be thermalized and red shifted according to tired light theory). Thus Big Bang theorists are inventing numerous "epicycles" like primordial black holes, black dark matter, even unification of Big Bang and tired light [1] - all in attempts to either accelerate the processes in the very beginning or move age of Universe further (say up to 27 billions of years [1]) to allow slow and well known growth of galaxies. The contradiction easily observed in James Webb Space Telescope images is discussed here - and it also because of the presence of this ~13 billions of years time boundary condition — in Big Bang cosmology the geometrical distance (what determines the optical resolution) to the galaxies with Z=8 and Z=14 is around 13 billions of light years with very high accuracy (13.1 billions of light years to z=8 objects and 13.4 billions of light years for Z=14 objects). From astronomy point of view the angular resolution of such objects is the same — yet at Z=8 galaxies are mainly ovals (as expected for poorly resolved objects) while at z=12-14 they are unresolved circles (which is not possible in either developed galaxies or so called primordial fast merging galaxies — in both cases ovals would be observed for poorly resolved galaxies). Such simple images like dots or circles hints onto the much further distance to the observed record breaking galaxies, where even JWST angular resolution is not enough to resolve at least something.
Category: Astrophysics

Real-Virtual Annihilation

Authors: Muhammad Sohail
Comments: 8 Pages. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15122956 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper explores the concept of real virtual annihilation in quantum spacetime, emphasizing theinteractions between real and virtual particles. Through theoretical formulations and quantum field dynamics, the study delves into the formation of black holes, quantum invariance under gravity, and the profound relationship between uncertainty principles and Minkowski metrics.
Category: Astrophysics

Research on the Vacuum Power Mechanism (in English)

Authors: Yake Li
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article in pdf format only)

Based on multiple astronomical observation results, this paper proposes the hypothesis of the principle of relative variation of the speed of light and proves the compatibility between this principle and the principle of the constancy of the speed of light. Based on this principle, this paper constructs an innovative theoretical framework of the vacuum dynamics theory and derives several important conclusions.
Category: Astrophysics

A study of Dark Matter: A Comprehensive Review

Authors: Diriba G. Tolasa
Comments: 14 Pages.

Dark matter, a fundamental component of the universe, remains one of the most fascinating mysteries in modern astrophysics. Despite its pervasive influence on the dynamics of the universe, its elusive nature continues to challenge the understanding of fundamental physics. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent research findings, theoretical frameworks, observational evidence, and experimental efforts in the quest to understand the nature and properties of dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Equivalence Between Direct Mass and NFW-total Mass Formula in MW and M31 Galaxies

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 19 Pages.

In the framework of Dark Matter by Quantum Gravitation (DMbQG) theory, the Direct mass gives the total mass into the halo region, growing with the square root of radius. This formula has only one parameter specific for each galaxy.The NFW profile is a universal method that gives the DM mass function depending on radius at the disk and galactic halos. This function is defined by two parameters. The DMbQG claims that DM is generated by the own gravitational field and consequently the DM halo is unbounded. In the paper [1] Abarca,M. was proved that it is the Dark energy the mechanism able to counterbalance the DM.As the direct mass is linked to the total mass (baryonic plus DM), in the paper has been developed a method to integrate the baryonic matter into the NFW DM function in order to be able to compare both functions connected to the total mass. Thanks this method has been possible to define the R200-TOTAL and the M200-TOTAL both referred to a sphere whose total mass has a mean density equal to 200 times the critic density of the Universe.The main achievement of this paper is to demonstrate that the Direct mass function and the NFW-total mass function are equivalents into the halo region of MW and the M31. The equivalence of the two formulas for masses is based on four tests, all of them tested successfully. Test I. Comparison the R(200-TOTAL) and the M(200-TOTAL) calculated by the two different formulas, for MW and M31. Test II. Using the M(200-TOTAL), value that is given by the NFW method, is calculated the parameter a^2 which is compared with the one got in the framework of DMbQG theory. Test III. Is similar to test III but using the R200-TOTAL and the M200-TOTAL and the result is successful as well.Test IV. The direct mass function and the NFW-total mass function are compared into the halo region up to R(200-TOTAL). Although the thesis of this paper is for any galaxies, the calculus has been made with MW and M31, because they are the best well studied galaxies and his data have the maximum of accuracy. The prove reach in this paper is valuable because the Direct mass which comes from DMbQG theory gives similar results to the NFW function mass, which is a trustable profile for DM, tested in thousand of galaxies,.
Category: Astrophysics

Decreasing Universe: The 'Dark Matter' Effect

Authors: Joao Carlos Holland De Barcellos
Comments: 10 Pages.

After a brief review of the Decreasing Universe (D.U.) model, we will derive a formula and the graph for the apparent velocity of stars (of a Messier_33 galaxy) as a function of their radial distance from the galactic center. This formula reproduces the same velocity curve traditionally attributed to dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

The Universe Circulation System

Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please cite and list scientific references!)

The currently mainstream standard cosmology has many problems to be solved, such as dark matter and dark energy. Inflation theory is also difficult to believe. The Energy Body Theory has elucidated the cause of the rotation speed of spiral galaxies, which is the basis for the existence of dark matter. And it has also revealed what dark energy is and showed the reason why galaxies move away isotropically and acceleratingly. This time, I propose that the entire universe is one energy body, and the uneven distribution of energy generated in the energy body forms positive energy of stars and gravitational fields, and the formations of them are accompanied by the formations of dark energy fields, and further throughout the universe, positive energy of stars and gravitational fields circulate by exchanging energy with negative energy of dark energy. This system is called the universe circulation system. The universe exists in eternal time that is not expanding.
Category: Astrophysics

Faster-Than-Light Travel Feasible with Negative Mass - Superluminal Dynamics

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 29 Pages.

The study demonstrates that faster-than-light travel requires negative mass. Mass must decrease as velocity increases and must be negative beyond the speed of light.It also proves that there is no absolute speed limit in the universe, contradicting faulty Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum theory. The study also reveals that relative motion depends on relative coordinates, not reference frames.It is demonstrated that gravitational and inertial control of mass is the basis of faster-than-light travel. A hypothetical spaceship is described, and physical calculations are made to demonstrate the possibility of traveling faster than light. The study also explores the potential effects of gravitational interaction and collisions. The technology is proposed for instantaneous cosmic communication and other applications of negative mass using the free energy of the gravitational field.* Is faster-than-light travel indeed possible?* What kind of propulsion could achieve such a technology?* Could any matter be traveling faster than light?* Could living beings be traveling faster than light?* What could be the consequences of that?The above questions will be scientifically answered through this study in accordance with the negative mass theory.
Category: Astrophysics

The Missing Mass: A Heuristic Explanation of Dark Matter

Authors: Guofeng Chang
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)

In this paper, we analyze the phenomenon of non-isotropic mass distribution in spiral galaxies and propose a hypothesis that such an imbalanceintroduces a relative velocity for observers. Furthermore, we suggest observational methods to verify this hypothesis. If proven correct, thishypothesis could provide a more reasonable explanation for the origin of dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

Magnetic Fields of White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars

Authors: Kiyoung Kim
Comments: 16 Pages.

Neutron stars and white dwarfs are known to be the final stages in the life cycle of stars. These celestial objects are characterized by immense gravitational pressure, extremely high temperatures, and exceptionally high density. Additionally, some of them are known to possess extraordinarily strong magnetic fields under these extreme conditions. However, the precise mechanisms behind the generation of such strong magnetic fields remain unclear. The primitive virtual negative (PVN) charge dynamo mechanism proposed for solar planets in 2008, which involves the interaction between gravitational mass and electric charges, is applied to compact objects like white dwarfs and neutron stars because it is considered comprehensive and consistent.
Category: Astrophysics

Galaxy Formation, Merging and Expansion of Dark Energy Fields, New Gravitational Fields, and the Reason for the Flatness of the Rotation Speed of Spiral Galaxies

Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 10 Pages.

There are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. These galaxies can be broadly divided into dwarf galaxies with less than a billion stars and giant galaxies with more than a billion stars. The most widely used classification of giant galaxies is the "Hubble sequence" proposed by American astronomer Edwin Hubble in 1926, which lists four types: elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, barred spiral galaxies, lenticular galaxies, and irregular galaxies. As can be seen from the diverse shapes of galaxies, it is thought that various factors are involved in the formation of galaxies. However, there must be a basic principle by which a group of more than a billion stars forms. In this study, we considered the formation of galaxies by extending the formation of stars, gravitational fields, and dark energy fields according to the Energy Body Theory. As a result, we found that the reason why spiral galaxies, which account for 60% of galaxies, have a spiral shape is fundamentally due to the rotation of the galaxy and the expansion of the dark energy field. The spiral arms were formed when a small group of stars rotating in the counter-rotating direction near the bulge approached the bulge, causing them to unravel and extend along the arms. It is also thought that energy flows into the spiral of the dark energy field from the outside, forming a high-energy space. However, it remains to be seen whether this theory is superior to the "high density wave theory," the mainstream explanation for spiral arms. The flatness of the rotation speed of spiral galaxies, an important issue in astrophysics, is thought to be caused by the neutralization due to synthesis of the spiral of the galaxy when the gravitational field is formed, and the rotation according to Kepler's laws.
Category: Astrophysics

Astro Sociology the Physical Universe as a Reflection of Consciousness

Authors: Alon Retter
Comments: 13 Pages.

This paper proposes a groundbreaking paradigm: the universe is a reflection ofconsciousness. Nearly a century ago, quantum mechanics introduced the concept of theobserver to explain experimental anomalies. Th is led many prominent physicists toargue that consciousness is fundamental and precedes matter. While this idea wassubsequently marginalized within physics, I contend that consciousness is essential for acomprehensive understanding of the universe.Tosupport this notion, this paper presents extensive evidence for consciousness fromphysical processes and astronomical objects. In addition, t he Astro Sociology model,which I introduced in 2010, posits that the universe reflects consciousness. This paperrevisits and expands upon the remarkable structural and numerical parallels betweenastronomical phenomena and human behavior. It subsequently outlines six predictionsof the model that have been empirically or theoretically confirmed. Finally, it brieflydiscusses ongoing research, including a novel quantum gravity model, that incorporatesthe observer to explain dark matter and dark energy without requiring additionalparticles.
Category: Astrophysics

The Search for Life and Aliens

Authors: James R. Johnson
Comments: 13 Pages. Astrophysics or Biophysics may be a better science category.

This article is a comprehensive survey describing our search for life and aliens beyond earth. The search for life inside our Solar System continues by digging into the Martian soil and exploring the underground oceans of Jupiter’s moon Europa. As we peer into the Milky Way, exoplanets are the target. Improved sky-survey telescopes identify exoplanets. Then, subsequent analysis using spectrographs obtained via exoplanet transits or direct imaging hope to identify biosignatures. Detection of intelligent life is either circumstantial or definitive. Technosignatures offer circumstantial evidence of alien civilizations. Definitive or positive detection can be physical, for example, discovering interstellar objects (spaceship/UFOs) or as in the movie Contact, an alien message. Future giant optical/infrared telescopes, sophisticated radio telescopes, and a proposed space telescope, HWO, will dramatically enhance detection. Significant technical advances in earth-based and space telescopes, documented in four key figures, dramatically improve the probability of discovery over the next ten years. Thus, we may soon have an answer to the question, are we alone?
Category: Astrophysics

The Study of Vacuum Dynamical Mechanisms

Authors: Yake Li
Comments: 14 Pages. In Chinese

Based on multiple astronomical observation results, this paper proposes the hypothesis of the principle of relative change in the speed of light and demonstrates its compatibility with the principle of the invariance of the speed of light. The study shows that the speed of light has both an absolutely constant aspect and a relatively variable aspect. This provides us with a new direction to study the relationship between the relative change in the speed of light and the motion of matter. Based on this principle, the paper constructs an innovative theoretical framework known as the "vacuum dynamical mechanism" and derives several important conclusions. The research finds that time, space, and the speed of light always maintain a proportional relationship. The relative change in the speed of light leads to the formation of high-energy spaces, low-energy spaces, and variable-energy spaces. In the variable-energy vacuum space, objects spontaneously accelerate towards low-energy regions. The acceleration gained by an object is only related to the rate of change of the speed of light in space and is independent of the object's mass. The vacuum dynamical theory proposed in this paper offers a new perspective for explaining the origin of dark energy and the physical mechanisms behind spacetime curvature.
Category: Astrophysics

The Creation Process of Electrons, Protons, the Gravitational Field, and the Dark Energy Field

Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

The energy body theory has revealed that material particles, gravitational fields, and dark energy fields occur almost simultaneously as one phenomenon. In other words, material particles are Planck-scale particles (energy cell bodies) that make up space, which are compressed and vibrate with expansion and contraction while shifting the phase in the rotation direction. As a result, the surrounding space becomes low energy. Energy then flows into this space from the space outside. Then, the space from which the energy flows out becomes low energy, so energy flows out from the space outside. Then, after the outflow and inflow of energy in this spherical space is repeated and spread throughout the universe, the energy swings back and becomes stable. In this process, the layer formed by the spherical compression of the energy cell bodies around the star is the gravitational field, and the layer formed by the spherical expansion of the energy cell bodies throughout the universe is the dark energy field.
Category: Astrophysics

Experiment to Discover the Nature of Dark Matter

Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 3 Pages. 2 figures (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

In this paper an experiment is proposed to establish the effect of the shape of matter on gravity.
Category: Astrophysics

The Contradiction Between the Law of Universal Gravitation and the Second Laws of Newton and Kepler

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 9 Pages.

The motion of bodies along an ellipse with a constant sector velocity is considered. At perihelion, the velocity and acceleration are greater than at aphelion. The radii are the opposite: at perihelion, the radius is smaller than at aphelion. Therefore, if the force is calculated using Newton's second law, it will not be equal to the force calculated using the law of universal gravitation.
Category: Astrophysics

Physical Interpretation of the Zero Spatial Curvature Universe Models

Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 11 Pages.

The standard cosmological model ΛCDM cannot respond to some important new results of modern cosmology. Challenges arise such as the Microwave Background Uniformity, the Hubble Tension, the El Gordo collision or impossible galaxies (z > 10) that the standard cosmological model does not solve. On the other hand, other models are proposed as alternatives. Among the models proposed in recent years, the Rh=ct universe is one of the most studied and it seems that it does solve these challenges favorably. Therefore, it is the obligation of every scientist to adequately substantiate the model and study the physical meaning it has through its equations. This model is based on the following equations, the restriction Rh = ct, where Rh is the gravitational horizon and the condition of zero active mass, (ρ+3p) = 0. We have carefully studied the foundation of these two equations and have obtained that the model responds to the condition of a universe of zero spatial curvature, being the only model compatible with it. Thus, to investigate the physical meaning of the models of universe with zero spatial curvature is to investigate the physical meaning of this model. To do so, we have obtained an equation that relates spatial curvature to the density of matter, resulting in zero curvature only being obtained if the density of matter is zero. Thus, we deduce that the physical meaning of models with strictly zero spatial curvature is an empty universe in all cases, highlighting the importance of spatial curvature.
Category: Astrophysics

Distance Determination Using Redshift

Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 5 Pages. In Spanish

The potential of the inertial forces is the main effect to determine the redshift of extragalactic photons. This effect determine accurately the distance to the object if we know its radial speed.
Category: Astrophysics

The Origin of Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 5 Pages.

The large-scale structure of the universe is characterized by filaments, which are thread-like structures made up of galaxies and galaxy clusters, and voids, which are vast cavities in which almost no galaxies exist. This structure is said to resemble the nerves in the brain or a mass of bubbles. It is speculated that the principle of its formation is related to dark matter, and research is ongoing. (Fig1.)This large-scale structure of the universe is speculated to be formed by the following two simple principles.①. Stars and galaxies do not approach each other (do not fall), because gravity does not work even though gravity exists.②. Dark energy is involved in the approach of distant stars and galaxies.
Category: Astrophysics

Astronomical Distance Measurements Are Wrong - Galaxies Are Far Closer to Earth in Our Much Younger Universe

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 14 Pages.

Since astronomical distance measurements are wrong, this work ought to serve as a possible cautionary tale for all astronomy and cosmology colleagues, as well as for astrophysicists in general.The study reveals that the electromagnetic wave propagation from a rotating source does not follow a straight line, but the Archimedes spiral trajectory, indicating that most astronomical distance calculations may be incorrect. The research suggests that galaxies are closer to us than previously estimated, potentially indicating a younger universe. The difference between the Archimedes spiral arc length and straight-line estimates is small within our solar system but becomes more significant from Pluto. It is recommended to review all astronomical and cosmological distance and age data.* Does light follow a rectilinear path? * Are distance measurement methods of the "cosmic distance ladder" providing the right results? * Are galaxies really receding? * Do receding galaxies mean that the universe is expanding? * Can we better determine the age of the universe? * Could galaxies collide? All these questions are answered in the development of this study according to the suggested theories.
Category: Astrophysics

Decreasing Universe: The Distance from the Galaxy as a Function of its Redshift

Authors: Joao Carlos Holland Barcellos
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted content is in general not acceptable)

Using the "Decreasing Universe" model [01] we will show evidence that this new model of the dynamics of the Universe is less disruptive and more adequate than the traditional Λ-CDM model that postulates the existence of Dark Energy.We will also develop, from this new theory, a simple and straightforward mathematical formula that provides the distance of the galaxy as a function of its redshift.
Category: Astrophysics

On Resolving Olbers' Paradox with Interstellar-Space-Induced Light Filaments

Authors: Arvin Sharma
Comments: 3 Pages.

The interstellar medium is far from a vacuum containing Hydrogen, Helium and various heavier atoms in a plethora of states including neutral, ionized, gas and solid. The formation of light filaments has been demonstrated since the early 1960s as a nonlinear optical response by the material to the incident electromagnetic energy creating self-focusing of the beam by the material resulting in filaments of light to form. We provide insight into the formation of filaments in plasma to introduce a unified theory of filament formation in both plasma and pure electromagnetic energy throughout interstellar space in pursuit of answering a simple question - why space is dark.
Category: Astrophysics

Nuclear Reactions in Gaseous Stars: Perspectives from Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 10 Pages.

In the Standard Model of gaseous stars, temperature is primary both in the initiation of thermonuclear reactions to form heavier elements and the emission of radiation. These processes have been described using thermodynamic expressions. Yet, within any given thermodynamic relation, not only must units balance on each side, but so must thermodynamic character. Temperature, whether or not equilibrium conditions are established, must always be intensive in macroscopic thermodynamics and mass must be extensive. This ensures that the laws of thermodynamics are respected. The theory of temperatures and nuclear reactions within gaseous stars is constructed from the kinetic theory of an ideal gas, by which temperature is introduced, in combination with gravitational and Coulomb forces. The resulting thermodynamic relations impart a non-intensive character to temperature and a non-extensive character to mass. Consequently, the theory of nuclear reactions in gaseous stars is invalid. Deprived of the only theoretical means by which the Standard Model justifies stellar nuclear reactions, the theory of gaseous stars is not viable. The most reasonable alternative rests in lattice confinement fusion and the recognition that the stars are comprised of condensed matter, namely metallic hydrogen.
Category: Astrophysics

Evidence for Planet Nine with a 3,600-Year Period and 1 AU Perihelion as the Cause of Recurring Apocalypses.

Authors: Pavlo Kandyba
Comments: 15 Pages.

A model of Planet Nine (P9) as a massive body (5 M⊕) in a highly eccentric retrograde orbit (e ≈ 0.994—0.996, q ≈ 1 AU, Q ≈ 400—500 AU, T ≈ 3600 yr), presumably captured from interstellar space. The model relies on the clustering of ETNO orbits by alignment with P9. It also shows quasi-periodicity in climatic and cultural-historical markers (the Younger Dryas event, the Piora oscillation) consistent with a period of T ≈ 3600 yr. A historically confirmed possible observation of Planet Nine's perihelion passage of 1 AU has been established, supported by the exploratory reconstruction of the comet's orbit observed in CE 60 for 180 days and documented in Chinese chronicles.Numerical modeling showed relative stability over a period of 1000,000 years.
Category: Astrophysics

The Universe Viewed Through Vibration (Vibrational Cosmology)

Authors: Junghyun Cho
Comments: 71 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)

This theory demonstrates that existing theories can be unified through a change in perspective. Furthermore, it explains physical puzzles that existing theories cannot explain with consistent logic within the theory, and is expected to provide clues for solutions. Instead of the mystical worldview presented by modern physics (time dilation and length contraction in relativity, quantum entanglement and particle duality in quantum mechanics, the hierarchy problem of particle mass and dark matter in the Standard Model, the large-scale structure of the early universe in cosmology, dark energy, the Axis of Evil, etc.), it presents an intuitive, mechanistic, and imaginable worldview. All phenomena are explained within the four dimensions (3 space + 1 time) we inhabit, with no additional dimensions. Phenomena in our universe must occur where they are visible to us; nothing appears out of nowhere. This theory may be difficult to accept as it demands a paradigm shift that changes existing perspectives. First, time is not an absolute dimension. Hints of this already exist in the theory of relativity. If time were absolute, it should not change based on velocity. However, time is already observed to vary. Second, matter is generated from space. Something appearing from nothing violates thermodynamics, which is fundamental to all theories. While Quantum Field Theory posits separate fields for each particle where excitation constitutes the particle, this theory explains particles and forces using a single vibrating field. Third, for the second point to hold, a real field—a medium—must exist. This field is space itself, the gravitational field, and the quantum field. This theory premises only a single field: the Vibration Field. It explains that the four known forces emerge from the interaction between this vibration field and the particles created by it. Time is not a dimension serving as an absolute standard. It is a phenomenon that arises as space and particles vibrate. Particles are born from space and return to space. Our universe is filled with a medium, and that medium is space itself. Time is not a dimension serving as an absolute standard. It is a phenomenon that arises as space and particles vibrate. Particles are born from space and return to space. Our universe is filled with a medium, and that medium is space. We have advanced by changing our standards regarding the dimension of time. Newton spoke of absolute time, and Einstein of relative time. This theory speaks of emergent time.Everything you know and perceive at every moment—space, time, light, and matter—is explained by this theory. The universe you know is simpler than you think. Only the phenomena emerging from it are complex. This theory allows us to imagine a realistic future where we can dream of interstellar travel without energy concerns, and without the need for antimatter or antigravity. This theory, Vibration Cosmology, does not claim that existing theories are wrong. It simply demonstrates that they can be unified under the single keyword of "vibration."
Category: Astrophysics

Radio-Chemistry of the Object 3I/ATLAS

Authors: Dave Chapman
Comments: 4 Pages.

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS has been observed to emit unusual material. Observations to date suggest that this object contains volatile elements, similar to a comet [1, 2]. Calculations show that the object has been exposed to a combination of low temperatures and high levels of radiation for over one Billion years, which could explain the unusual chemistry of the object. Models indicate that the outer 10-20 meters of the object suggest that a considerable amount of energy may be stored in the form of unstable chemicals, and that these chemicals may release energy when the object’s temperature increases during close approach to the sum.
Category: Astrophysics

Atomic Time, Orbital Time and the Variable Mass Theory

Authors: Han de Bruijn
Comments: 16 Pages.

Starting with the Hydrogen atom as an example,a dimensionless formulation of the Schrödinger equation for many electron atoms is presented. It is shown that the energy levels E of such a system are only dependent on the fine structure constant α, the atomic number Z, the speed of light c in vacuum and elementary particle (rest) masses m of electron and nucleus. If α and c may be assumed to be constants of nature, then E is only dependent on mass m. Introducing the Variable Mass hypothesis (VM) leads to formulas for the so-called intrinsic redshift. Ticks of Atomic clocks Δt are shown to be inversely proportional to mass m.
Atomic clocks may seem the most accurate nowadays. Common timing in life, however, is still based upon seconds, minutes and hours, as parts of daylength, and days as parts of a year. This may be called the Orbital timeframe. By considering orbits of planets such as the earth, it is argued that ticks of Orbital clocks ΔT are inversely proportional to the square root of mass m.
If it is accepted that there are two clocks instead of one, then there is a discrepancy between the Atomic ticks Δt and the Orbital ticks ΔT, due to Variable Mass. A simple differential equation is derived that relates the two timeframes. For mass in Atomic time t, a formula can be derived that shows exponential growth. With help of the differential equation, a formula can be derived for mass in Orbital time T as well, showing quadratic growth anda beginning for T=-A, meaning that there is an age A.
Empirical evidence for both the quadratic and exponential growth formulas is found in the Shrinking Kilogram.Quite unexpectedly, our version of the VM theory is consistent with the infamous C-decay. On the other hand, Variable Mass offers an explanation for the anomalous Earth's Rotation Retardation. At last, it is proved that Leap Seconds cannot be avoided with Atomic time and Orbital time, when combined with the Variable Mass hypothesis. And there is a very simple formula for calculating them.
Category: Astrophysics

Proof of Collatz Conjecture

Authors: Khalid Ibrahim Al-ibraheem
Comments: 18 Pages.

This paper presents a comprehensive and decisive proof of the Collatz conjecture by partitioning the odd integers into three disjoint sets:B,C,D and analyzing their behavior. It then proves the non-existence of non-trivial cycles, and finally applies the conjecture to odd integers starting from the set V=5+12n , demonstrating that all such integers converge to 1.Please refer to v4, as it is clearer and free of typographical errors.
Category: Astrophysics

The NFW DM Profile is Compatible With the Decaying Law of Velocity With -0.25 as Power of Radius

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 26 Pages.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the NFW DM density profile is consistent with the velocity decay law characterized by a radial dependence of r^-0.25 within the halo regions of MW, M31 and other fives galaxies outside the LG. The velocity decay law was derived from a novel framework known as the DM by Quantum Gravitation theory, hereafter DMbQG. This theory proposes that DM arises from the propagation of the gravitational field through an as-yet-unknown quantum gravitational phenomenon.As the NFW method have been validated extensively is crucial to examine if the new DMbQG theory produces a virial mass indistinguishable from NFW predictions.At the core of the DMbQG framework lies the direct mass formula, which yields the total enclosed mass within a sphere of radius r. The total mass depends on the parameter a^2, where a is the proportionality constant in the velocity decay law.There is a dual approaches to calculate the parameter a : (i) directly from the galactic rotation curve in the halo region, (ii) indirectly from the virial mass and radius derived via the NFW model and using the direct mass. In practice, the total galactic virial mass can be estimated by adding the baryonic mass to the virial DM mass obtained through the NFW method.Consequently, if the parameter a derived from the rotation curve coincides with the value of a obtained using the direct mass formula with the total mass inferred from the NFW formalism, the central thesis of this work is validated.The structure of this paper is as follows: In Chapter 2, the parameter a is calculated for the MW using rotation curve datasets from two independent authors. Chapter 3 introduces the NFW formalism and its principal expressions. Chapter 4 presents the derivation of a^2 from the direct mass formula using the virial mass obtained through the NFW method. In Chapter 5, the parameter a obtained through both approaches is compared for the MW using two independent datasets. Chapter 6 mirrors this analysis for the M31 galaxy, again employing two distinct datasets. Chapters 7, 8 and 9 study the compatibility of NFW method with the decay law velocity in five galaxies outside the Local Group, being four galaxies selected from the SPARC project. Across these seven galaxies, inside and outside the Local Group, the results provide strong support for the velocity decay law into the halo as universal.
Category: Astrophysics

The NFW DM Profile is Compatible With the Decaying Law of Velocity With -0.25 as Power of Radius

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 19 Pages. Version v4 studies galaxies outside the Local Group

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the Navarro—Frenk—White (NFW) dark matter (DM) density profile is consistent with the velocity decay law characterized by a radial dependence of r ^-0.25 within the halo regions of the MW and M31 galaxies. The velocity law, expressed as v=a⋅r^-0.25, was derived from a novel framework known as the DM by Quantum Gravitation theory (hereafter DMbQG theory). This theory proposes that DM arises from the propagation of the gravitational field through an as-yet-unknown quantum gravitational phenomenon.Since the NFW profile has been extensively validated over the past three decades across thousands of galaxies, it is crucial to examine whether a novel framework such as DMbQG theory produces a total mass function that is effectively indistinguishable from NFW predictions. At the core of the DMbQG framework lies the direct mass formula which yields the total enclosed mass within a sphere of radius r. As discussed in Chapter 8 of Abarca[1], the total mass depends on the parameter a^2, where a is the proportionality constant in the velocity decay law.These two expressions, which share the same constant a, provide dual approaches for its determination: (i) directly from the galactic rotation curve in the halo region, and (ii) indirectly from the virial mass and radius derived via the NFW model and using the direct mass to calculate the parameter a. Consequently, if the parameter a derived from the rotation curve coincides with the value of a obtained using the direct mass formula with the total mass inferred from the NFW formalism, the central thesis of this work is validated.The structure of this paper is as follows: Chapter 2, the parameter a is calculated for the MW using rotation curve datasets from two independent authors. Chapter 3 introduces the NFW formalism and its principal expressions. Chapter 4 presents the derivation of a^2 from the direct mass formula using the virial mass obtained through the NFW method. Chapter 5, the parameter a obtained through both approaches is compared for the MW using two independent datasets. Chapter 6 mirrors this analysis for the M31 galaxy, again employing two distinct datasets. Chapter 7 study the compatibility of NFW method with the decay law velocity in two galaxies outside the Local Group. Across these four galaxies, inside and outside the Local Group, the empirical results provide strong support for the central thesis of this paper.
Category: Astrophysics

The NFW DM Profile is Compatible With the Decaying Law of Velocity With -0.25 as Power of Radius

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 14 Pages. The third version has a more formal and academic English text.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the Navarro—Frenk—White (NFW) dark matter density profile is consistent with the velocity decay law characterized by a radial dependence of r^(-0.25) within the halo regions of the MW and M31 galaxies. The velocity decay law, expressed as v=a⋅r^(-0.25), was derived from a novel framework known as the DM by Quantum Gravitation theory (hereafter DMbQG theory). This theory proposes that DM arises from the propagation of the gravitational field through an as-yet-unknown quantum gravitational phenomenon. Since the NFW profile has been extensively validated over the past three decades across thousands of galaxies, it is crucial to examine whether a novel framework such as DMbQG theory produces a total mass function that is effectively indistinguishable from NFW predictions. At the core of the DMbQG framework lies the called direct mass formula, which yields the total enclosed mass within a sphere of radius r. As discussed in Chapter 8 of Abarca [1], the total mass depends on the parameter a^2 where a is the proportionality constant in the velocity decay law v=au2022r^(-0.25). These two expressions, which share the same constant a, provide dual approaches for its determination: (i) directly from the galactic rotation curve in the halo region, and (ii) indirectly from the virial mass and radius derived via the NFW model and using the direct mass to calculate the parameter a. In practice, the total galactic virial mass can be estimated by adding the baryonic mass to the virial DM mass obtained through the NFW prescription. Consequently, if the parameter a derived from the rotation curve coincides with the value of a obtained using the direct mass formula with the total mass inferred from the NFW formalism, the central thesis of this work is validated. The structure of this paper is: In Chapter 2, the parameter a is calculated for the MW using rotation curve datasets from two independent authors. Chapter 3 introduces the NFW formalism and its principal expressions. Chapter 4 presents the derivation of a^2 from the direct mass formula using the virial mass obtained through the NFW method. In Chapter 5, the parameter a obtained through both approaches is compared for the MW using two independent datasets. Chapter 6 mirrors this analysis for the M31 galaxy, again employing two distinct datasets. Across these four comparisons, the results provide strong support for the central thesis of this study.
Category: Astrophysics

The NFW DM Profile is Compatible With the Decaying Law of Velocity With -0.25 as Power of Radius

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 14 Pages.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the NFW DM density profile is consistent with the velocity decay law depending on radius to the power -0.25, within the halo of MW and M31. The decaying of velocity law was derived within the framework of the DM by Quantum gravitation theory. Since the NFW profile has been extensively validated over the past three decades across thousands of galaxies, it is crucial to examine whether a novel framework such as DMbQG theory produces a total mass function that is effectively indistinguishable from NFW predictions. The central formula of DMbQG theory is the called direct mass formula which yields the total enclosed mass within a sphere of radius r. As discussed in Chapter 8 of Abarca [1], the total mass depends on the parameter a2 according the formula (1) M(r)=a^2*(radius)^0.5 /G, where a is the proportionality constant in the velocity decay law, formula (2) v = a*r^(-0.25).These two expressions, which share the same constant a, provide dual approaches for its determination: (formula 2): directly from the galactic rotation curve in the halo region, and (formula1): indirectly from the virial mass and radius derived via the NFW model and using the direct mass to calculate the parameter a. In practice, the total galactic virial mass can be estimated by adding the baryonic mass—primarily confined to the bulge and disk—to the virial DM mass obtained through the NFW prescription.Consequently, if the parameter a derived from the rotation curve coincides with the value of a obtained using the direct mass formula with the total mass inferred from the NFW formalism, the central thesis of this work is validated.The structure of this paper is as follows: In Chapter 2, the parameter a is calculated for the MW using rotation curve datasets from two independent authors. Chapter 3 introduces the NFW formalism and its principal expressions. Chapter 4 presents the derivation of a2 from the direct mass formula using the virial mass obtained through the NFW method. In Chapter 5, the parameter a obtained through both approaches is compared for the MW using two independent datasets. Chapter 6 mirrors this analysis for the M31 galaxy, again employing two distinct datasets. Across these four independent comparisons, the empirical results provide strong support for the central thesis of this study.
Category: Astrophysics

From Rotation Curves to Cosmic Time: Probing High-Redshift Expansion Through Nested Spiral Dynamics

Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 40 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We present a novel method for estimating the cosmic expansion rate $H_z$ at high redshift ($z approx 2$--$10$) using the internal dynamics and morphology of nearby galaxies—without relying on direct redshift—distance measurements. The approach models rotation curves of systems showing a clear structural transition between a central bar (interpreted as a fossil spiral) and an outer spiral disk. Within a dual-Lagrangian framework, these nested structures are assigned separate dynamical regimes, enabling $H_z$ to be extracted from the mass $M$ and emph{critical radius} $r_c$ of the proto-bar region. The critical radius is defined locally by the condition $v_H(r_c) = v_{m esc}(r_c)$, which yields a emph{local critical density} $ho_c propto H_z^2$. When this purely local relation is mapped onto cosmic time using the $Lambda$CDM matter-era scaling $H(t) propto t^{-1}$, it reproduces the universal $ho_c propto t^{-2}$ law. Applying the method to seventeen galaxies, and scanning early bulge mass fractions from $0.2%$ to $20%$ of today’s $M_{m bulge}$, we find that the $0.5%$—$5%$ range best matches the $Lambda$CDM timeline for disk—spiral onset. A refined backward-time minimization, incorporating a power-law bulge growth model, further narrows the plausible onset window to $0.4$—$1.8$~Gyr after the Big Bang. This technique complements high-redshift probes such as emph{JWST} imaging and CMB extrapolations, offering a new class of local, dynamical constraints on the early universe. If validated and applied to large rotation-curve samples, it could yield hundreds to thousands of independent $H_z$ determinations, refining both the cosmic expansion history and the baryonic structure formation timeline.
Category: Astrophysics

A Morphological Classification of Galactic Rotation Curves: Evidence for a Universal Evolutionary Sequence

Authors: Vakhtang MchedliSvili
Comments: 11 Pages. Updated Version (v2) with full 175-galaxy analysis and formal mechanical expansion derivation. Includes an independent AI technical audit (Validation ID: QST-EVO-2026-VM-v2-AUDIT). Complete data products and graphical atlas available at: https://github.co

We present a systematic morphological analysis of 175 galactic rotation curves from the SPARC database. We introduce a unified geometric metric, the Alpha Angle (α), to quantify dynamical maturity. Results reveal a strong correlation (R=0.89) between α and sSFR, yet identify anomalies (NGC 2841, F574-2) that challenge SFR as an absolute clock. We propose a mechanical model where galaxies undergo secular expansion due to mass loss ($dot{r}/r = -dot{M}/M$). The derived local expansion rate matches the Hubble constant ($H_0$), suggesting cosmic expansion as an emergent property of local mechanical relaxation. This version includes an independent AI technical audit (ASAS Report
Category: Astrophysics

Should Einstein’s 1915 Gravitational Coordinates Replace Friedmann’s in Cosmology?

Authors: Jonathan J. Dickau, Steven K. Kauffmann, Stanley L. Robertson
Comments: 17 Pages.

The DESI collaboration has found that the acceleration of the universe’s expansion weakens with time, and JWST has found a large population of galaxies with z > 10. The Friedmann coordinates of the Robertson-Walker metric imply a Big Bang birth of the universe with unbounded expansion speed and perpetual gravitational deceleration of that expansion. The 1998 discovery that the universe’s expansion instead accelerates led to trying a cosmological constant in the Einstein equation, but this doesn’t accommodate the acceleration’s weakening with time found by DESI. Also, the large population of galaxies with z > 10 doesn’t jibe with the universe’s unbounded initial expansion speed. Einstein’s observationally-tested 1915 coordinate condition, however, is Lorentz covariant, which bounds all speeds by c. It also implies refractive gravitational slowing of incoming light, so outgoing light is accelerated. Outgoing galaxies whose z > 0.94 are similarly accelerated, so the universe’s expansion is accelerated, a gravitational effect that inherently weakens as the universe expands. We illustrate the above effects by plotting the time evolution of the simplest expanding-dust-sphere model universe in both Friedmann and Einstein coordinates.
Category: Astrophysics

On Spacetime Signature and Why the Answer to the Meaning of the Universe is 42!

Authors: Shaffery Pohl, Noten Dorsd
Comments: 04 Pages. Final and last version.

Discussed is the signature of Spacetime of the universe according to the modus of Special Relativity resp. General Relativity. This signature can be derived from a single polynomial equation, which, with zero-solutions of coordinate axes, causes the metric tensor-components of a tangential spacetime TM to the whole manifold ("Minkowski-spacetime") and its counterpart, the "Anti-Minkowski-metric" (ATM) with constant, negative metric tensorcomponents. Also the question comes clear, why the answer to the ontological meaning and sense of the universe is 42.
Category: Astrophysics

A Feature of the Off-Shel Renormalization Schemes in Quantum Field Theory

Authors: S. A. Larin
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is shown that the off-shell renormalization schemes for subtraction of ultraviolet divergences in Quantum Field Theory produce zerofor sums of perturbative corrections to physical quantities when all perturbation orders are taken into account. That is the off-shel renormalization schemes are in this sense unphysical. In this connection it is desirable to develope on-shell renormalization schemes for different quantum theories.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 43 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = −GmM/d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational _eld remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We continue by verifying that our model reproduces the total galactic and extragalactic dark mass and is compatible with ΛCDM cosmology. Then we demonstrate that the experimental adequacy of our model reaches 5σ. We derive the logical consequences of the potential energy stored in the gravitational field; a claim validated by SPARC data. We conclude that, to ensure the consistency of our model across the entire cosmic history, it is necessary to impose the conservation of the cosmological energy balance.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 27 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We derive the logical consequences of the potential energy stored in the gravitational field; a claim validated by SPARC data. The final consequence is the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology. We conclude by demonstrating that the experimental adequacy of our model is 7.5σ.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 24 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We conclude by deriving the logical and mathematical consequences of the hypothesis that dark mass is stored as potential energy in the gravitational field, a claim further validated using the SPARC data. The final consequence being the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 23 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We conclude by deriving the logical and mathematical consequences of the hypothesis that dark mass is stored as potential energy in the gravitational field, a claim further validated using the SPARC data. The final consequence being the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy (in French)

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 44 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = −GmM/d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational _eld remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We continue by verifying that our model reproduces the total galactic and extragalactic dark mass and is compatible with ΛCDM cosmology. Then we demonstrate that the experimental adequacy of our model reaches 5σ. We derive the logical consequences of the potential energy stored in the gravitational field; a claim validated by SPARC data. We conclude that, to ensure the consistency of our model across the entire cosmic history, it is necessary to impose the conservation of the cosmological energy balance.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy (in French)

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 27 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We derive the logical consequences of the potential energy stored in the gravitational field; a claim validated by SPARC data. The final consequence is the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology. We conclude by demonstrating that the experimental adequacy of our model is 7.5σ.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy (in French)

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 25 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We conclude by deriving the logical and mathematical consequences of the hypothesis that dark mass is stored as potential energy in the gravitational field, a claim further validated using the SPARC data. The final consequence being the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

Dark Mass is Potential Energy (in French)

Authors: Nicolas Poupart
Comments: 24 Pages.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E = —GmM / d) explains the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and not influenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a simple equation and algorithm to accurately calculate the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored regarding the energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We conclude by deducing the logical consequences of potential energy in the gravitational field, a claim validated by SPARC data. The final consequence is the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

A Structural Proof Approach to the Twin Prime Conjecture

Authors: Younghwan Yun
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper presents a novel inductive framework for the generation and validation of twin primes, grounded in Bertrand’s Postulate. Unlike traditional methods relying on probabilistic or empirical filtering, this approach provides a recursive structure that not only predicts the location of future twin prime pairs but also supports theoretical generalization to even gaps k = 2,4,6,8,.... Empirical validation up to 109 confirms that no counterexamples violate the proposed inductive inequality conditions. The framework aligns heuristically with the Hardy—Littlewood conjecture and provides evidence supporting both the infinitude and structured distribution of twin primes.
Category: Astrophysics

Why Mond's Fundamental Acceleration is not a "Fudge Factor"

Authors: George Bailey
Comments: 20 Pages.

The MOND theory (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) initiated by Milgrom has established itself as the most important model for explaining the measured rotation curves of galaxies without the aid of ominous dark matter. The core element of MOND is the so-called fundamental acceleration a0 with a value of approx. 1.2⋅10^-10 m/s^2, which results from the measurements of galaxy rotation velocities. At accelerations close to or below this value, neither Newton's nor Einstein's gravitational models work reliably.Critics of the MOND theory argue that this value is an ad-hoc "fudge factor" that was not derived from a fundamental consideration of space and time. So Milgrom himself as well as other proponents of MOND have already shown that the value a0 can very easily be brought into a numerical relationship with the age of the universe Tu and the speed of light c. In this paper, I would now like to show that this numerical correlation is no coincidence, but can be derived by consistent application of Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty relation on a cosmic scale. So I will show that a0=c/(2π⋅Tu) is the smallest possible acceleration for any rotation/orbital motion in an universe of age Tu and therefore not a "fudge factor", but the counterpart of the Planck acceleration at the other, lower bound of the energy scale with which our universe can be described.
Category: Astrophysics

Supplemented Newtonian Gravitational Equation

Authors: Istvan Polgar
Comments: 4 Pages.

Gravitational equation, and new theory based on the effect of gravitational fields to each other.The calculated attractive force eliminates the need for dark matter. Tested on the rotational velocity of an average disc-shaped galaxy.
Category: Astrophysics

Supplemented Newtonian Gravitational Equation

Authors: Istvan Polgar
Comments: 4 Pages.

Gravitational equation, and new theory based on the effect of gravitational fields to each other.The calculated attractive force eliminates the need for dark matter. Tested on the rotational velocity of an average disc-shaped galaxy.
Category: Astrophysics

Faster-Than-Light Travel Feasible with Negative Mass - Superluminal Dynamics

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 29 Pages.

The study demonstrates that faster-than-light travel requires negative mass. Mass must decrease as velocity increases and must be negative beyond the speed of light.It also proves that there is no absolute speed limit in the universe, contradicting faulty Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum theory. The study also reveals that relative motion depends on relative coordinates, not reference frames.It is demonstrated that gravitational and inertial control of mass is the basis of faster-than-light travel. A hypothetical spaceship is described, and physical calculations are made to demonstrate the possibility of traveling faster than light. The study also explores the potential effects of gravitational interaction and collisions. The technology is proposed for instantaneous cosmic communication and other applications of negative mass using the free energy of the gravitational field.* Is faster-than-light travel indeed possible?* What kind of propulsion could achieve such a technology?* Could any matter be traveling faster than light?* Could living beings be traveling faster than light?* What could be the consequences of that?The above questions will be scientifically answered through this study in accordance with the negative mass theory.
Category: Astrophysics

Faster-Than-Light Travel Feasible with Negative Mass - Superluminal Dynamics

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 29 Pages.

The study demonstrates that faster-than-light travel requires negative mass. Mass must decrease as velocity increases and must be negative beyond the speed of light.It also proves that there is no absolute speed limit in the universe, contradicting faulty Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum theory. The study also reveals that relative motion depends on relative coordinates, not reference frames.It is demonstrated that gravitational and inertial control of mass is the basis of faster-than-light travel. A hypothetical spaceship is described, and physical calculations are made to demonstrate the possibility of traveling faster than light. The study also explores the potential effects of gravitational interaction and collisions. The technology is proposed for instantaneous cosmic communication and other applications of negative mass using the free energy of the gravitational field.* Is faster-than-light travel indeed possible?* What kind of propulsion could achieve such a technology?* Could any matter be traveling faster than light?* Could living beings be traveling faster than light?* What could be the consequences of that?The above questions will be scientifically answered through this study in accordance with the negative mass theory.
Category: Astrophysics

The Search for Life and Aliens

Authors: James R. Johnson
Comments: 13 Pages. Astronomy and Cosmology also possible categories.

This article is a comprehensive survey describing our search for life and aliens beyond earth. The search for life inside our Solar System continues by digging into the Martian soil and exploring the underground oceans of Jupiter’s moon Europa. As we peer into the Milky Way, exoplanets are the target. Improved sky-survey telescopes identify exoplanets. Then, subsequent analysis using spectrographs obtained via exoplanet transits or direct imaging hope to identify biosignatures. Detection of intelligent life is either circumstantial or definitive. Technosignatures offer circumstantial evidence of alien civilizations. Definitive or positive detection can be physical, for example, discovering interstellar objects (spaceship/UFOs) or as in the movie Contact, an alien message. Future giant optical/infrared telescopes, sophisticated radio telescopes, and a proposed space telescope, HWO, will dramatically enhance detection.Significant technical advances in earth-based and space telescopes, documented in four key figures, dramatically improve the probability of discovery over the next ten years. Thus, we may soon have an answer to the question, are we alone?
Category: Astrophysics

Lorentz Effects on Observed Distance and Lookback as a Function of Cosmic Redshift

Authors: Martin R. Johnson
Comments: 9 Pages.

Special relativity’s constant speed of light (c) means that proper distance (d) and photon travel time (tλ) are collinear. Isotemporal or ‘instant’ radial recession rate v of a star connects to a Hubble parameter H. A ‘Lorentz wall’ (c/H) is defined. The product of the wall and v/c (β) gives a lesser ‘Lorentz distance’ (d_L) which cannot reach or cross the wall. Proper d is an instant product of the Lorentz distance and the Lorentz factor (γ). For any ΛCDM-based H, there is an instant β whose star’s Lorentz distance is identical to its calculated observed distance at the same H. This β is found from the star’s observed cosmic redshift. Distant rest mass’s elapsed time upon our reception of its photons is known as ‘lookback’ and herein proposed as another instant product, of the Lorentz distance and the Lorentz factor squared (when divided by c). Type 1a supernovae with Phillips behavior display increased decay times at higher z. The present paper proposes nonlinear z dependence on these decay times. This may improve constraint on model parameters.
Category: Astrophysics

The Contradiction Between the Law of Universal Gravitation and the Second Law of Newton. Revision 2

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 12 Pages.

The motion of bodies along an ellipse with a constant sector velocity is considered. At perihelion, the velocity is greater than at aphelion. The radii are the opposite: at perihelion, the radius is smaller than at aphelion. Let's calculate the tangential and centripetal acceleration. Let's calculate the force using Newton's second law and the law of universal gravitation. The forces are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction, Fig. 2. Contradictions are eliminated if we consider the momentum of the system.
Category: Astrophysics

Distance Determination Using Redshift and the Universe Expansion: Dark Matter Model for Rotational Systems

Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 51 Pages. In Spanish

The potential of the inertial forces is the main effect to determine the redshift of extragalactic photons. This effect determine accurately the distance to the object if we know its radial speed.
Category: Astrophysics

Distance Determination Using Redshift and the Universe Expansion: Dark Matter Model for Rotational Systems

Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 35 Pages. In Spanish

The potential of the inertial forces is the main effect to determine the redshift of extragalactic photons. This effect determine accurately the distance to the object if we know its radial speed.
Category: Astrophysics

Astronomical Distance Measurements Are Wrong - Galaxies Are Far Closer to Earth in Our Much Younger Universe

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 17 Pages.

Since astronomical distance measurements are wrong, this work ought to serve as a possible cautionary tale for all astronomy and cosmology colleagues, as well as for astrophysicists in general.The study reveals that the electromagnetic wave propagation from a rotating source does not follow a straight line, but the Archimedes spiral trajectory, indicating that most astronomical distance calculations may be incorrect. The research suggests that galaxies are closer to us than previously estimated, potentially indicating a younger universe. The difference between the Archimedes spiral arc length and straight-line estimates is small within our solar system but becomes more significant from Pluto. It is recommended to review all astronomical and cosmological distance and age data.* Does light follow a rectilinear path? * Are distance measurement methods of the "cosmic distance ladder" providing the right results? * Are galaxies really receding? * Do receding galaxies mean that the universe is expanding? * Can we better determine the age of the universe? * Could galaxies collide? All these questions are answered in the development of this study according to the suggested theories.
Category: Astrophysics

Astronomical Distance Measurements Are Wrong - Galaxies Are Far Closer to Earth in Our Much Younger Universe

Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 17 Pages.

Since astronomical distance measurements are wrong, this work ought to serve as a possible cautionary tale for all astronomy and cosmology colleagues, as well as for astrophysicists in general.The study reveals that the electromagnetic wave propagation from a rotating source does not follow a straight line, but the Archimedes spiral trajectory, indicating that most astronomical distance calculations may be incorrect. The research suggests that galaxies are closer to us than previously estimated, potentially indicating a younger universe. The difference between the Archimedes spiral arc length and straight-line estimates is small within our solar system but becomes more significant from Pluto. It is recommended to review all astronomical and cosmological distance and age data.* Does light follow a rectilinear path? * Are distance measurement methods of the "cosmic distance ladder" providing the right results? * Are galaxies really receding? * Do receding galaxies mean that the universe is expanding? * Can we better determine the age of the universe? * Could galaxies collide? All these questions are answered in the development of this study according to the suggested theories.
Category: Astrophysics